Transcript The Age of Montesquieu 1789-1791

15 days! 15 days!

Video Segments to Review
7.2 Notes – the beginning

Random Fact of the Day

 In
the US, about 280
million turkeys are sold
for the Thanksgiving
celebrations.
PETS:
TENNIS COURT OATH
BASTILLE DAY
SEPTEMBER MASSACRES
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN
AND CITIZEN
CIVIL CONSTITUTIONAL OF THE CLERGY
THE AGE OF MONTESQUIEU
1789-1791
7.2
The Revolution Begins – GAME ON!
Part One
How does each group push
the Revolution forward?
GROUP
BOURGEOISIE
URBAN POOR
PEASANTS
WOMEN
CONTRIBUTION
Third Estate Acts

In frustration, the Third
Estate declares itself to
be the National
Assembly (6/17/89)



Has the power to pass and
execute laws
Louis XVI locks them out of
meeting place
Third Estate meets in
indoor tennis court and
swears to not leave until
passing a constitution

Tennis Court Oath
Urban Unrest

Poor harvest had led to
starving families in the cities




Soaring bread prices, 25%
unemployment, fears of the
military
An angry mob looks for
weapons to defend
themselves – finds the
Bastille (7/14/89)
The mob storms the Bastille,
kills the guard, and takes
the weapons
Paris is lost to King Louis XVI
Country Chaos – Great Fear


Spirit of rebellion comes
to the countryside –
peasants look to free
themselves of their
obligations
Peasants launch the Great
Fear (7/89) – a series of
peasant mobs roaming
the lands and destroying
noble property
The National Assembly Responds

8/4/89 – Abolishment of feudalism and
proclamation of absolute equality
 No
serfdom, no hunting rights, no corvee
 Equal taxes – no estate system
 Peasants are THRILLED and SATISFIED
Embracing Equality

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
 Became
the constitutional blueprint for France
 Guaranteed natural rights
 Liberty
– freedom to do whatever as long as it doesn’t hurt
anyone else
 “Citizen”

applied to all French people
Rights of Women

Declaration of the Rights of Woman – Olympe de Gouges
 Rights
to divorce, inherit property, get child support
Women Make the Next Move

The “Revolution” cools, but…





Violent scene takes
place…King and Queen are
captured and taken back to
Tuleries



bread shortages
writings of Jean-Paul Marat
incite 7K angry women to
march to Versailles (10/89)
Demand king to address
problems
Price controls on bread
National Assembly moves to
Paris as well
Conservative revolutionaries
begin to stop seeking changes
How does each group push
the Revolution forward?
GROUP
CONTRIBUTION
BOURGEOISIE
Tennis Court Oath
Creation of the National
Assembly
URBAN POOR
Storming of the Bastille
PEASANTS
The Great Fear
Abolishment of Estate System
WOMEN
Declaration of the Rights of
Woman
Women’s March to Versailles
The Revolution Grows
Part Two
Change!

With the National Assembly and King in France…
 Government
reform
 Constitutional Monarchy + Legislative Assembly
 France divided into 83 departments
 Economic reform – favored the bourgeoisie
 Metric system
 Le Chapelier Law – outlaws strikes, monopolies, and
unions
 Assignats become new paper currency
Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)


Created a national church – one church
per department
Puts the Church under the State’s control




Divides France over the issue of religion



Clergy cannot accept authority of the
Pope
Clergymen will be paid by the state and
elected
Convents and monasteries are abolished
Refractory clergy – refuse to accept
measures
Peasants disagree – they are heavily
Catholic
Choice – revolutionary spirit OR
religious devotion?
Escape?


Louis XVI and family
attempt to escape to
Austria in June 1791
Caught at the border
 Effect
on reputation?
 Effect on relations with
Austria?

Forced to accept
constitutional monarchy
Government Transformation

A new group will replace
the National Assembly –
known as the Legislative
Assembly (L.A.)


More radical, younger,
and less cautious
Led by the Jacobins, who
draw from Rousseau’s
ideas of complete
equality
WAR!

Prussia/Austria issue the
Declaration of Pillnitz



Protect royal family if they
come under attack – serves
as a bluff but the French take
it serious
Emigres who flee France
urge AUS and PRU to
restore the monarchy
L.A. declares war on Austria
in April 1792 – looks to
spread “revolution”

Little success for France –
blamed on Louis XVI
This is Wednesday.

Finish 7.2 Notes
Video Clip
Beginning 7.3 Notes
Guillotine Videos

Random Fact of the Day



 In
Germany, Heiligabend, or Christmas Eve, is said to be
a magical time when the pure in heart can hear animals
talking.
Foreign Threats  Internal Chaos

Prussia/Austria issue
Brunswick Manifesto




Paris Commune (Summer 1792)



Royal family harmed? – they
will destroy Paris
Incites Jacobin-led mobs
throughout Paris (urban poor!!!)
King taken under armed guard
In chaos, revolutionary gov’t
usurps power from L.A. in Paris
Led by Georges Danton
Constitution is suspended to
account for new threats
September Massacres (1792)


Prussia advances on
Paris…threatens
invasion
Led by Paris Commune,
killing of upper class
prisoners in jails


Why kill them?
1000+ people are killed