Transcript Volcanoes - Ms. Buzanowski's 8th Grade Class
Volcanoes
Chapter 8 Section 2 Pgs. 219 - 224
How volcanoes form
Fissure conduit
– crack in the crust, where a forms which acts like a pipe magma travels through Magma is forced upward toward Earth’s surface by denser surrounding rock Causes an eruption where magma, solids, and gas are spewed out to form cone-shaped mountains
Lava
– magma flowing on Earth’s surface through a vent or opening
Craters
– circular hole of volcano
Tephra
– bits of rock or solidified lava dropping from the air
Reservoir
– where magma is stored
Summit Vent
– highest point - opening where lava flows
Where Plates Collide
Volcanoes form by a collision of large plates of crust and upper mantle Oceanic plate sinks under another plate, rocks melt, forms chambers of magma
Volcanic Risk Maps
Used to prepare people and visitors about unsafe areas
Volcanic Eruptions
Violent or quiet Lava high in silica produces explosive eruptions Lava high in iron and magnesium produces more fluid eruptions The amount of water vapor and gases impact eruptions
Shield Volcanoes
Largest type of volcano Gently sloping volcano that emits mostly basaltic lava (very fluid) that is long-lasting, gentle eruptions, explosions minimal
Mauna Loa, HI
Made from 5 shield cones Largest volcano on Earth – Mauna Loa in Hawaii, 6 miles tall
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
Smallest volcano, very steep with large craters Formed by moderate to explosive eruptions of tephra
Cinder Cone Volcano
Pu ‘ u ka Pele – Hawaii Mostly found on the sides of shield volcanoes
Composite Volcano
Steep sides Formed by alternating layers of violent eruptions of tephra and quieter eruptions of lava
Composite Volcano
Most active volcano – Mt. St. Helens in the western part of the state of Washington
Extreme Volcanoes
Largest volcano in the Solar System – Olympus Mons on Mars, 17 miles tall and over 320 miles across.
Questions
Hawaii is an example of what type of volcano?
What are the three types of material that a volcano can emit?
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius buried what town in 79 A.D.?
How did people die in the aftermath of the famous Mount Vesuvius eruption?
Mount St. Helen’s erupted violently in 1980. On what continent is this volcano found?