Transcript Slide 1

Secondary Aerosol Formation
from Combustion Aerosols
Joakim Pagels
Div. Aerosol Technology (EAT)
Objectives
?
Improved understanding of the contribution from combustion sources to secondary
aerosol formation, importance for both health and climate
•Primary and secondary emission factors
•Influence of transformation on composition, morphology, hygroscopic
properties and optical properties
•Implement in-situ techniques to determine composition and morphology
Sources studied in chamber upon UV and O3 exposure
•Biomass combustion/Wood smoke emissions
•Engine emissions
•Indoor sources, e.g. Incense, Fragrance products,
Building material etc
Field measurements in indoor and outdoor air
•Identify SOA signatures in indoor and outdoor air
•Transformations from outdoor to indoor air
Team: Joakim Pagels, Mats Bohgard, Anders Gudmundsson, Christina Isaxon, Erik Swietlicki, Pontus
Roldin,....... new diploma workers and external co-workers
Ongoing Projects
Secondary Aerosol Formation from Anthropogenic Combustion
Sources.
Partners: Erik Swietlicki, Copenhagen University (Merete Bilde), Umeå University
(Christoffer Boman), Insbruck University (Armin Wisthaler)
Funding Period (2008-2010, 2.8 MSEK)
Single Particle Chemical Composition and Mixing Characteristics of
Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Indoor and Outdoor Air
Partners: Erik Swietlicki
Funding Period (2007-2010 2+2 year Research Assistantship, 1.4 +1.4 MSEK)
Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for Characterisation of Particles in Flue
gases from Wood and Crop Fuels - A tool for Minimising Emissions.
Partners: Erik Swietlicki, Umeå University (Christoffer Boman)
Funding Period (2008-2009, 0.5 MSEK)
Equipment for Research on Aerosols and their Effects on Climate and
Human Health – Funding to buy a HR-TOF-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
PI: Erik Swietlicki, Partners: CAST
Funding Period (2007, 4.5 MSEK)
Primary Biomass Emissions
Efficient
Hot Airstarved
Low Temp.
KCl
EC
EC
K2CO3
K2SO4
Organics
Organics
Secondary Aerosol Formation
Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Formation
SO2
H2SO4
NH3
Humidity
Temperature
O3
VOCs
VOCs
Biogenics
Aromatics
Semivolatiles
Partitioning &
Heterogeneous
Reactions
N2O5
HNO3
NOx
Ageing of diesel emissions
Robinson et al. 2007 Science
Ageing of soot
Fresh Soot
APM, SA low, RH=5%
APM, SA high, RH=5%
APM, SA high, RH=50%
APM, SA high, RH=80%
1.3
APM + Water Activity Model, SA high (RH=20-90%)
APM + Water Activity Model, SA low (RH=20-90%)
Processed Mobility Diameter/
Fresh Mobility Diameter
1.2
dve SA Low
dve SA High
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1
2
3
m/m0
4
5
Ageing of soot
Fresh Soot
APM, SA low, RH=5%
APM, SA high, RH=5%
APM, SA high, RH=50%
APM, SA high, RH=80%
1.3
APM + Water Activity Model, SA high (RH=20-90%)
APM + Water Activity Model, SA low (RH=20-90%)
Processed Mobility Diameter/
Fresh Mobility Diameter
1.2
dve SA Low
dve SA High
1.1
1.0
Fresh Soot:
0.9
0.8
200nm
0.7
0.6
H2SO4 coated Soot:
0.5
1
2
3
m/m0
4
5
Ageing of soot
Fresh Soot
APM, SA low, RH=5%
APM, SA high, RH=5%
APM, SA high, RH=50%
APM, SA high, RH=80%
1.3
APM + Water Activity Model, SA high (RH=20-90%)
APM + Water Activity Model, SA low (RH=20-90%)
Processed Mobility Diameter/
Fresh Mobility Diameter
1.2
dve SA Low
dve SA High
1.1
1.0
Fresh Soot:
0.9
0.8
200nm
0.7
0.6
H2SO4 coated Soot:
0.5
1
2
3
4
m/m0
Pagels et al. 2008, Khalizov et al. 2008 to be submitted to AS&T
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Aerosol Particle Mass analyzer (APM) (Ehara et al., 1997)
Inner electrode
Aerosol
entrance
r1r2
High voltage
Outer electrode
Mass
classified
aerosol exit
w
Z
•Select particles of known mass even
for agglomerates
•In-situ measurment of particle morphology
•Determine mass fractions of condensed
species in secondary aerosol formation
Planned activities
2008
• Implementation of Aerosol Mass Spectrometer PhD/MSc projects
– Pilot study on ageing of indoor combustion aerosols (incense and ETS)
using O3 as oxidant.
– Field measurements in Vavihill
• Implementation of Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer PhD/MSc project
– Morphology and Mass-Mobility relationship of welding and candle soot
agglomerates.
• Preparing aerosol chamber for UV exposure experiments
2009-2010
• Measurements of fresh and aged wood smoke in Umeå.
• Measurements of fresh and aged engine exhaust in Chamber.
• Field measurements using AMS in indoor and outdoor air
Other Projects/Long Term Goals
• A detailed understanding of the processes involved in transforming
combustion aerosols in outdoor and indoor environments.
– To predict influence of processing on chemical composition, hygroscoppic
properties, optical properties, morphology and other health and climate
relevant properties
• Influence of chemical composition, morphology/surface area/particle size
on health effects of airborne particles
– Lung deposition of highly agglomerated nano particles using modified RESPI
– Apply the AMS to measure chemically resolved lung deposition
– Cell exposures to complement human exposures and allow detailed studies
on the influence of composition, size surface are etc on health effects
– Building a deposition chamber for cell exposures which mimics deposition in
the respiratory tract
– Use secondary combustion aerosols in human exposure studies
Markers for Wood- and Cellulose-Burning
Any Wood, Biomass, Paper, Wood Products, Cellulose containing Products:
Levoglucosan