Transcript Document

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GHANA LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY 6
(GLSS 6)
KEY FINDINGS:
LABOUR FORCE REPORT
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Outline of presentation
• Introduction
• Current activity status
• Employment
• Labour underutilization
• Inactivity
• Summary
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Introduction
The overall development of a country is based
on the production of goods and services.
Critical to the production process is the human
capital of the country.
We need to know how many people are
employed, unemployed and economically not
active.
A Labour Force Survey is yet to be conducted in
Ghana.
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Objective
In order to obtain statistical information on the labour
market, the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) included
the labour force module in the GLSS6.
The main objective of the survey was to collect
comprehensive data based on current activity status
and the characteristics of the population aged 15
years and older.
Provide up-to-date information for assessing the
labour force situation.
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Concepts and definitions
• Work
Work refers to any economic activity performed that
contributes to economic production of goods and
services. One is considered employed if worked (for at
least one hour within the reference period).
• Unemployed
Refers to persons currently without work and are
“potentially” available to take up work:
- available but not seeking
- seeking but not available
- not seeking, not available but want work
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Concepts and definitions (cont’d)
• Economically active or labour force
A person is considered as economically active if he/she
was either employed or unemployed; otherwise the
person is economically not active.
• Labour underutilization
 A more comprehensive measure than the unemployment
rate.
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Labour force framework
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CURRENT ACTIVITY STATUS
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About 8 in 10 of the population 15 years+
are economically active
100
• Males are more
90
likely than
females to be
economically
active.
80
• Those in rural
areas are more
likely than
those in urban
areas to be
economically
active.
88.2
84.9
77.3
79.6
74.7
70
Percent
60
50
40
30
20
17.8
22.7
25.3
20.4
15.1
10
0
Male Female
Economically active
Urban
Rural
Total
Economically not active
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EMPLOYMENT
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Three-quarters (75.4%) of the population 15
years and older are employed.
80
81.6
78.3
73.0
70
75.4
69.9
Percent
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Male
Female
Urban
Rural
Total
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Activity rate is highest for the 25-44 year olds
Urban
Age
group
Ghana
Accra Other
(GAMA) Urban
Rural
All
Rural Rural
Rural
Coastal Forest Savannah
All
15 - 24
52.3
29.1
42.6 39.7
53.0
64.1
72.6
65.9
25 - 44
89.9
84.5
88.6 87.5
88.8
94.4
92.5
93.1
45 - 64
89.5
80.6
88.1 86.3
89.3
95.4
89.4
92.9
65+
56.9
33.9
49.1 46.2
52.1
66.0
68.0
64.8
All
75.4
66.0
71.1 69.9
73.9
82.4
83.0
81.6
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About 12 million persons 15 years and
older were employed
Number employed (thousands)
Locality type
Total
Male
Female
Ghana
12,039.7
5,783.0
6,256.7
Urban
5,861.4
2,773.2
3,088.2
Rural
6,178.4
3,009.8
3,168.5
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One-quarter (25.2%) of the employed
population had no education and 57.2%
had up to BECE.
35
33.2
30
Percent
25
25.2
24.0
20
17.6
15
10
5
0
No education
Less than
MLSC/BECE
MLSC/BECE
Secondary or
higher
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About 68.7% of the employed population
were in vulnerable employment
60
50.5
• 78.4%
females are
in
vulnerable
employment
• 58.3%
males are in
vulnerable
employment
50
46.4
41.9
40
32.5
27.9
30
22.5
20
16.4
13.2
10
6.9
5.5
2.4
• Employees
form 22.5%
22.3
6.2
2.9
2.6
0
Male
Employees
Contributing family workers
Female
Employers
Apprentice and others
All
Own account workers
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Employment by industry
80
71.1
70
64.4
Agriculture
Industry
60
Services
48.2
50
47.3
Percent
44.7
41.4
40.9
40
34.0
30
20
18.8
16.8
18.7
17.8
14.4
11.3
10.2
10
0
Urban
Rural
Male
Female
All
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Workers engaged by the agriculture sector
worked for less hours in a week
80.0
69.7
70.0
57.0
60.0
Percent
50.0
48.5
43.0
42.4
40.0
30.0
30.3
24.8 23.2
20.0
10.0
0.0
1-30 hrs
1-40 hrs
Agriculture
Industry
41+ hrs
Service
57.6
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Other working conditions
Condition
Male
Female Both sexes
Had written contract with employer
38.7
37.0
38.1
Oral/verbal contract
38.0
38.2
38.1
Receive any retirement pension
31.5
26.6
29.9
Trade union available at work place
30.1
26.5
28.9
38.5
18.0
31.6
Paid maternity leave
5.9
9.9
7.3
Both sick and maternity leave
4.4
19.4
9.4
Paid holidays
40.8
37.3
39.6
Any social security
30.5
26.3
29.1
Subsidized medical care
21.2
16.4
19.6
Entitled to:
Paid sick leave
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LABOUR UNDERUTILIZATION
A measure which attempts to provide a more comprehensive
view of underutilized labour in the labour force.
- Captures mismatches between the demand and supply of labour
due to insufficient labour absorption.
- Signals situations of unmet need for employment within the
population.
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What goes into the measurement?
*Time-related underemployment
*Unemployment
* Potential labour force:
- actively seeking but not available
- available but not seeking
- not seeking, not available but want employment
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Unemployment rate is 5.2% and higher
for females and among urban dwellers
7
6.5
6
• Youth
Rate (%)
unemployment
rate is 5.5
percent
(Female=5.7%;
Male=5.2%).
5
5.5
5.2
4.8
3.9
4
3
2
1
0
Male Female
Urban Rural
Ghana
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Unemployment rate is highest in Upper
East and lowest in Brong Ahafo
In Central and
Upper West
regions,
unemployment
rates are higher
for males than
females.
Region
Western
Central
Greater Accra
Volta
Eastern
Ashanti
Brong Ahafo
Northern
Upper East
Upper West
Total
Male Female Total
5.1
6.2
5.6
5.5
3.9
4.6
6.9
7.4
7.2
2.9
3.6
3.3
2.5
5.9
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.6
2.5
3.4
2.9
3.2
5.9
4.6
10.5
11.0 10.8
8.8
6.5
7.6
4.8
5.5
5.2
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Time-related underemployment
One-third (33.3%) of the employed persons are
underemployed.
Of the underemployed persons, 50.6 percent are
self-employed and more than one-third (35.0%) are
contributing family workers.
Persons engaged in agricultural activities (61.5%)
are more likely than those in non-agricultural
activities (38.5%) to be underemployed.
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Composite labour underutilization rate
is 47 percent
60.0
• For more
• Pressure on
the labour
market
51.5
50.0
47.0
42.1
38.2
40.0
Percent
comprehensive
assessment of
inadequate
employment.
55.6
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Male Female
Urban Rural
Total
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INACTIVITY
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About 3.2 million (20.5%) persons 15 yrs
and older are economically not active
Sex/
locality
15 - 24
25 - 44
45 - 64
65+
Total
947,254
94,688
80,231
191,903
1,314,076
1,111,363
328,861
168,250
339,154
1,947,628
Urban
1,357,896
301,464
173,135
286,068
2,118,563
Rural
700,721
122,085
75,346
244,989
1,143,141
2,058,617
423,549
248,481
531,057
3,261,704
Sex
Male
Female
Locality
Total
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Education/training (54.5%) is the main
reason for inactivity
80
Percent
70
60
50
68.2
54.5
45.4
40
30
20
10
20.4
14.5
5.6
15.4
12.7
8.8
9.29.49.1
Too old/young
Unable to work
5.5
3.1 1.6
6
8.1
2.5
0
Education/training Household duties
Both sexes
Male
Female
Retirement
Other
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Urban dwellers are more likely than rural
dwellers to be in school/training
60.0
50.0
57.0
49.8
Percent
40.0
Urban
Rural
30.0
20.0
15.4
12.8
17.0
13.6
10.5
10.0
6.9
6.1 5.5
4.1
1.3
0.0
Education/training Household duties
Too old/young
Unable to work
Retirement
Other
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Summary
About 75 percent of the population 15 years and older are
employed, majority of whom are engaged by Agriculture
(44.7%) and Services (40.9%).
About two-thirds (68.7%) of the working population are in
vulnerable employment (own
contributing family workers).
account
workers
and
The working population is dominated by people with little
(up to BECE) or no education (82.4%).
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Summary…
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Most of the working population work under poor conditions
(no written contract with employer; low earnings; not entitled
to paid leave, social security, etc.)
Even though unemployment rate (5.2%) is low, more than
one-third of the working population are underemployed. The
composite measure of labour underutilization is 47.0 percent.
Compared to males, females are the disadvantaged for most
of the indicators.
There is the need for strategies to transform the economy.
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Thank you