Transcript Document
Sea Power & Maritime Affairs INTRODUCTION Course Overview Today’s Objectives Introductions Explain course structure Define course Set context for US naval history – Birth of navies – Evolution of technology, strategy & tactics – Important events in naval history • Antiquity to American Revolution Who am I? LT XXXX [insert biographic info] Who are you? Name School Major Career aspirations Knowledge of naval history (1=nothing, 10=expert) Enjoyment of naval history (1=no at all, 10=my favorite topic) What you hope to learn Course Structure Midterm Final From American Revolution Post-World War I To World War I Today Paper 1* Paper 2* *Proofreads due two weeks before paper due date Date Grading Graded Item Percentage Participation 10% Paper I 10% Paper II 10% Class Presentations 10% Quizzes 15% Midterm 20% Final 25% Grading Exact number & above No rounding – i.e. 92.999=A- A AB+ B BC+ C CD+ D DF 93 89 87 83 79 77 74 69 67 64 59 <59 Dates Rules Uniforms Food & Drink Head policy Cell phones Laptops Sleeping Unexcused absences Late assignments Books 1. Hagan, Kenneth J. and Michael T. McMaster, eds. In Peace and War: Interpretations of American Naval History. 30th Anniversary ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 2. Symonds, Craig L. The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy. Annapolis, MD: The Naval Institute, 2001. www.navalseapower.com Students Sign Up Syllabus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Introduction 1 The American Revolution, 1775-1783: Competing Naval Strategies The U.S. Navy in the Napoleonic Era, 1783-1815 The U.S. Navy, 1815-1860: Power Projection and Technological Revolution The Civil War, 1861-1865: Two American Navies Developments of Naval Technology and Strategy, 1865-1890 The Dawning of the Age of Mahan, 1890-1898 The U.S. Navy and American Imperialism, 1898-1914 The U.S. Navy and World War I, 1914-1918 U.S. Naval Strategy and National Policy, 1919-1941 World War II: The U.S. Navy in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic, 1941-1945 World War II: The U.S. Navy in the Pacific, 1941-1945 The U.S. Navy in the Early Cold War, 1945-1953 The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963 The U.S. Navy, Vietnam and Limited War, 1964-1975 The Era of Retrenchment: Presidents Ford and Carter, 1974-1980 The U.S. Navy from the Maritime Strategy to “9/11,” 1981-2001 The U.S. Navy since 2001 Questions? Insert video Why learn US maritime history? Why learn US maritime history? 1. Professional Core Competencies (PCCs) A. B. Know the significant events of U.S. naval history. Comprehend the historical evolution of sea power and its effects on world history. C. Know the fundamental national interests of the U.S. and potential adversaries. D. Know the effect the evolution of third world countries and the development of international terrorist movements have had on the interests, policies, and strategies of the U.S. 2. Heritage 3. “Those who forget history are doomed to repeat it.” Why learn US maritime history? 4. Perspective on today’s international tensions. • • • 3/4 of planet is covered by water 90% of worlds commerce travels by sea Majority of population lives by oceans 8 Key Themes Reference Handout Theme #1 Navy as an instrument of foreign policy Century Theme All Command of the sea Power projection 19th Commercial Expansion Showing the Flag 20th Making world safe for democracy 21st Fighting terrorism Theme #2 Interaction between Congress and Navy – Funding is critical from beginning – Congressional attitudes toward size and composition of fleet Theme #3 Interservice relations – Historic cooperation • Navy and USMC – Historic rivalries • Navy – Army – Air Force • USMC-Army – General reluctance to cooperate – Modern push toward “Jointness” Theme #4 Technology – Categories: • hull, armor, ordnance, propulsion, smart weapons – Alternate categories: • surface, subsurface, air, space, communications, SIGINT – Relationship between technology, strategy, and tactics Theme #5 Leadership – Combat leaders – Strategists – Administrators – Training & Education – What makes a leader great? Theme #6 Strategy & Tactics – Strategy • Formation of military objectives to achieve goals of national policy • Guerre de Course, Guerre de Escadre, Mahan, Island Hopping, etc. – Tactics • Techniques for using weapons and units in combat in pursuit of strategic objectives • “The Line,” ramming, “wolf-pack”, dive-bombing, etc. – Interaction between strategy, tactics, and other themes Theme #7 Evolution of US Naval Doctrine – Guerre de course – Alfred Thayer Mahan – Sir Julian Corbett – Modern doctrine • • • • Limited war Military Ops Other Than War (MOOTW) Anti-terrorism Smart war Theme #8 Future missions of Navy and USMC – Continuing threats: Russia, China – “Rogue state” threats: North Korea, Iran – Third-world nations: Africa, Southeast Asia – Nation-building: Middle East – Humanitarian Assistance: Caribbean, Southeast Asia, Africa Definitions Reference Definitions Strategy – Formulation of military objectives to achieve the goals of national policy. Tactics – Techniques for using weapons and units in combat in pursuit of strategic objectives Examples? Definitions Guerre de Escadre – “Battles between fleets.” Naval battles between combatant ships or fleets. Guerre de Course – “War of the chase.” Attacking enemy’s merchant shipping to disrupt enemy logistics on the seas. Examples? Definitions Piracy – Act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. Privateer – A ship authorized by government to attack and capture enemy vessels. Examples? Definitions Letters of Marque and Reprisal – An official commission granted by a government to a private individual, to take the property of a foreign state, or of the citizens or subjects of such state. Commerce Raiding – War against enemy commerce. Includes raiding committed by privateers or naval warships. Examples? Definitions Power Projection – The capacity of a state to intimidate other nations by means of force in an areas distant from its own territory. Showing the Flag – Ship identifying itself by flag to establish an authoritative presence or exert diplomatic or political influence. Examples? Definitions Preventative War – War initiated to prevent another party from attacking, when an attack by that party is not imminent or known to be planned. Strike to keep enemy weak. Pre-emptive War – War initiated to repel or defeat an offensive or invasion that is perceived to be imminent. Strike before enemyExamples? can. Definitions Deterrence – Strategy where a state uses threat of reprisal to preclude an attack from an adversary. Military Operations Other Than War (MOOW) – Focus on deterring war, resolving conflict, promoting peace, and supporting civil authorities in response to domestic crises. Examples? Definitions Guerilla Warfare – Irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants use ambushes, sabotage, raids, hit-and-runs, etc. to fight a larger and lessmobile traditional army. Unconventional Warfare – Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement to coerce, disrupt or overthrow an occupying power or government by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary and guerrilla force in a denied area. Examples? Definitions Limited War – A conflict in which the belligerents participating in the war do not expend all of each of the participants’ available resources. Non-Linear Warfare – “Multi-linear Warfare.” Combat operations without the traditional lines drawn on the map, such as the forward line of own troops. Examples? Definitions Amphibious Warfare – Offensive military operation using naval ships to project ground and air power onto enemy shore. Littoral Warfare – Operations in and around the shore line. Examples? Definitions Force Composition – The makeup of a nation’s military force (i.e. number and types of ships). Capital Ship – Most powerful or important ship in a navy. Generally possess heaviest firepower. Examples? Oh by the way “Navy” = Naval Service (Navy + Marine Corps) Review Class administration Core Competencies 8 Key Themes Definitions Next Class [quizzes? Reading assignment? etc)]