Transcript Columbus Discovers the Americas
Columbus Discovers the Americas
1492 - 1607
Reasons for European Exploration
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The Crusades Emergence of Strong Central States The Renaissance New Technology Expanding Horizons
The Crusades (1095 – 1291)
Brought Europeans into contact with the Middle East
Europeans wanted spices and luxury items from China and India
Emergence of Strong States
France, England, Spain, Italy, Portugal
By 1300s feudalism was declining
Kings were becoming more powerful
Trade was booming
The Renaissance (1350 – 1600)
Rebirth of learning
Read Greek, Roman & Arab texts
New Technology
Compass
Astrolabe
Improved ships
(sails, masts, etc.)
Expanding Horizons
Portuguese explore African coast
Reach India
Import gold, ivory, pepper and palm oil
Christopher Columbus
Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451
Worked as a map maker
1470s – began looking for financial backing to find a western route to India
Wanted:
Title of Admiral of the Oceans
10 % of all the loot
Governorship to his heirs
1492 – Queen Isabella of Spain gave him three ships
Died in 1506, at age 55 depressed & penniless
Tobacco
Columbus and other explorers brought back tobacco seeds to Spain
Europeans believed it was a miracle herb which could:
Ward off the plague
Cure sword wounds
Clear congested lungs!!
Columbian Exchange
Welcome to the Q.A.R.
70’s Dance Party
!
Q.A.R.
70’s Dance Party!
We need 2 Big Groups and 2 small groups (The Movers & the Shakers) within the big group.
Form 2 lines that face each other.
Movers share ONE question from their list and discuss the answer with their partner across the isle. Repeat this process with the Shakers. (3.5 Mins)
When time is up, the movers slide down one position or (boogie down one position). Shakers stay in place or Shake your groove thang!
The Mover at the end of the line should boogie down between the rows to the other end.
Other European Explorers
John Cabot (England)
Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain)
Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) Giovanni Verranzo (France)
Jacques Cartier (France) Francisco Coronado (Spain)
Sir Francis Drake (England) Sir Walter Raleigh (England)
Juan de Onate (Spain) Samuel de Champlain (France)
Henry Hudson (Netherlands) Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain)
Hernán Cortez (Spain) Francisco Pizarro (Spain)
Hernando de Soto (Spain)
Amerigo Vespucci
European Explorers
God
Gold
Glory
Spain and the Three G’s
What about the Natives?
Indian Slavery
Encomeinda
– a land owner had the right to the labor of all natives who lived on the land
Created by Columbus
Gold Tax
Native Population of Hispaniola
War
300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1492 1510 1550
Priests
Priests and missionaries regularly traveled with the explorers
Tried to convert the natives to Christianity
Most were good and honestly tried to help the natives
Others used the cross to justify bad treatment
1514,
Pope Leo X
declared, “not only the Christian religion but Nature cries out against the slavery and the slave trade.”
Bartolome de las Casas
Priest who tried protecting the rights of Native Americans
Disease
Disease was the Europeans most formidable weapon
The Indians’ immune system had no defense against diseases such as measles and smallpox
Spread via the trade routes of Indians
Disease killed thousand times more Indians than guns or swords
African Slave Trade
Once Native populations had been decimated, the Europeans began turning to Africa for their labor
Treaty of Tordesillas
Black Legend
French Territories
The French claimed the land around the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes
Also claimed the land all along the Mississippi River down to New Orleans
Fishing and trapping for fur were their main enterprises
English Territories
The English claimed the land along America’s Eastern coast
They were most interested in settling the land
The Lost Colony
1587 – Sir Walter Raleigh sent a group of colonists to what is now Virginia
89 men, 7 women, 11 children
Called their colony
Roanoke
1590 – a relief expedition arrived to find no remains of the colony
Jamestown