Transcript Active learning - University of Peradeniya

Active and passive
learning
& effective use of study
materials
Web copy
Dr. Kosala Marambe
Medical Education Unit
20th June 2013
Teacher objectives
 To
motivate you, students, to become
active learners so that you understand
concepts as opposed to isolated facts
 Help
you understand the basis of some of
teaching learning activities in the
curriculum (those require active
participation of the learner)
Student learning objectives
Student should be able to
 define the term learning, in behavioral
terms and cognitive terms
 describe characteristic features of active
and passive learning
 apply the definitions of learning to identify
teaching learning methods, which enable
deep learning and effective retention of
information
Lecture outline
 Explore
the term learning
 Active and passive learning
 Active learning strategies
 Effective learning methods
 Learning approaches
 Adult learning theory- principles
Learning
A process resulting in some
modification, relatively permanent, of
the way of thinking, feeling and doing
of the learner
(more behavioral definition)
(Educational handbook for health personnel. World Health Organization, 1998)
Learning
Learning is construction of
knowledge, based on prior
knowledge and new information
that is interpreted by prior
knowledge.
(Cognitive Psychology)
Two types of Learning
Active
Passive
Two types of learning
 Active
- Learner takes the responsibility
for learning, less dependant on teachers knows how to learn- life long learner
– Very much dependant on the
teacher and expects most to be provided,
lectures, lecture notes, questions etc. find
difficult to keep abreast with new
knowledge
 Passive
Passive Learning
Listening to a lecturer, taking down
everything that is told
Waiting to be told what to do next
following routines without questioning/
reasoning out
Teacher is in full control, authoritarian
What is meant by active learning?
Learner is taking the initiative for ones’
learning,
learner is in control of learning
Teacher is only a guide
Active learning
Reading text books
e learning
Discussions
Clinical cases of relevance
Engaged in practical
Observation
Projects
Teaching others
Portfolio
“Teaching methods which place the
student in an
Active
situation for learning are more likely to
be effective than those which do not”
George Miller
( Medical educationist)
Strategies for active learning
 Setting
goals
 Setting up a plan for what you need to
achieve
 Developing a table with deadlines
 Making decisions
 Checking progress
 If things are not working right taking
remedial measures
Learning aids
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Objectives
Lectures
Practical classes
Patients
Ward work
Discussions
books
Internet
Writing summaries/ answers
Journal articles
Retaining power of T/L methods
Learning approaches of
students
Surface approach
Students focus their
attention on isolated
details. They are often
trying to memorise these
individual details in the
same form in which they
first appeared
Deep approach
Students focus their attention
on the underlying meaning or
message. They attempt to
relate ideas together and
construct their own meaning,
possibly in relation to their own
experience
Strategic
Student adopts deep and
surface approaches in
combination so as to achieve
the highest possible marks.
Strategic
The approach involves using well
organized study methods and
careful time management,
alertness to cues given by tutors
about what they are looking for in
deciding grades or marks or what
they are going to set in the
examinations.
The students are conscious of
two separate foci of attention
the academic content and the
teacher’s reward system.
(Marton, Hounsell and Entwistle 1997)
Adult learning theory
Malcolm Knowles - American educationist
Involve learners in diagnosing
their own needs
as such
acts will help to trigger internal motivation
Encourage learners to formulate
their own learning objectives
this gives them more control of their learning
Adult learning contd.
Encourage learners to identify resources
and devise strategies for using the
resources to achieve their objectives
Support learners in carrying out their
learning plans
Involve learners in evaluating their own
learning
this can develop their skills of critical
reflection.
Factors which facilitate learning
 Relevance
 Motivation
–early, detailed
 Examinations
 Access to multiple resources
 Learning environment
 Feedback
A wisdom sloka
from Mahabarata
A
quarter of our learning comes from
our receptors
 Own intellect and talent provides a
quarter
 A quarter from the peers and friends
 And the remainder only with time
(UGC 2006)
Teaching and learning in higher
education…
“Your
teacher can open the door for
you, but you must enter by
yourself”
Summary
 Learning
? definitions
 Active
learning and passive learning
 Active
learning strategies
 Adult
learners -desirable approaches
Take home message
 Be
self directed, adult learners
 Make
the maximum use of the active
learning opportunities, during the MBBS
course
 Be
more engaged in learning and enjoy
Website for high quality videos
From Khan academy
https://www.khanacademy.org/abou
t/med-competition