Transcript Small Wind Site Assessment - Office of Environment and

This project has been assisted by
the New South Wales Government
through its Energy Efficiency Training Program
Small Wind Site Assessment
Produced by the Institute for Sustainable Futures; UTS in
partnership with the Alternative Technology Association and
TAFE NSW - Northern Sydney Institute
Copyright and disclaimer
The Office of Environment and Heritage and the State
of NSW are pleased to allow this material to be used,
reproduced and adapted, provided the meaning is
unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship
are acknowledged.
The Office of Environment and Heritage has made all
reasonable effort to ensure that the contents of this
document are factual and free of error. However, the
State of NSW and the Office of Environment and
Heritage shall not be liable for any damage which
may occur in relation to any person taking action or
not on the basis of this document.
Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of
Premier and Cabinet
Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard)
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au
2
Small wind site assessment course:
Review of Day 3 and
Objectives for Day 4
Small wind site assessment course
Economics of wind turbines
Life cycle costing – key features
•Capital expense (Capex)– the total
upfront cost
•Operation expense (Opex) – the yearly
ongoing costs
•Revenue – income generated (and
sometimes avoided costs)
•The first two are easy to predict
•All three are easy to get wrong
Slide 5
Life cycle costing - Capex
•Total installed costs for the first year
Purchase price
Installation costs
External costs such as planning permits, grid
connection and metering, etc
•Up front subsidies reduce capex
Deemed STCs
Rebates
Tax deductions
Slide 6
Life cycle costing - Opex
•Routine maintenance
•Unscheduled maintenance
•Overhaul
•Fuel costs for off-grid systems
•Parasitic loads for grid connect systems
•Any other future costs
Slide 7
Life cycle costing - Revenue
•Payment for exported energy
Feed-in tariffs (FiTs)
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) - Retail
Energy market - Wholesale (not likely for small wind)
•Some income from STCs (RECS)
•Avoided costs can be included if they are
not accounted for elsewhere in the analysis
Slide 8
Feed-in tariffs in Australia – FEED IN
TARIFFS IN MeterAUSTRALIA
HAVE
CHANGED
Eligible
Eligible system
REGULARLY
2011Eligible
ANDowner
State Tariff rate ingTHROUGHOUT
technocapacity
type
logy
THIS INFORMATION SHOULD BE
UPDATED PRIOR TO USE
ACT
QLD
34.27c/kWh
for medium
Gross
(30kW to
200kW)
Solar PV
and
Up to 200 kW
wind
Nearly any
individual or
organisations
44c/kWh
Up to 10 kW (for
single phase) or
Solar PV
30kW (for threephase)
Small electricity
consumers (<100
MWh/year)
Net
Slide 9
Feed-in tariffs in Australia – FEED IN
TARIFFS INMeterAUSTRALIA HAVE CHANGED
Eligible
Eligible system
State
Tariff
rate
ing
Eligible owner
REGULARLY THROUGHOUT
techno-logy capacity 2011 AND
type
THIS INFORMATION SHOULD BE
Up to 10 kW, only
UPDATED PRIOR TO USE
first 45kWh
Small electricity
SA
54c/kWh
Net
60c/kWh
<5kW
VIC
“fair and
Net
reasonable”
<100kW
Solar PV
Premium:
Solar PV
exported per day consumer (<160
are eligible for the MWh/year)
bonus
Premium: <5 kW
Small electricity
consumer (<100
Standard: All Standard: <100kW MWh/year)
renewables
Slide 10
Feed-in tariffs in Australia – FEED IN
TARIFFS IN AUSTRALIA HAVE CHANGED
Meter- Eligible
Eligible system2011 AND
REGULARLY
State Tariff rate ingTHROUGHOUT
technoEligible owner
capacity
type
logy
THIS INFORMATION
SHOULD BE
for Synergy
UPDATED PRIOR
TO 5kW
USE
Solar
WA
40c/kWh
Net
PV,
Wind,
Micro
Hydro
customers; and
up to 10kW per
phase (30kW in
total) for Horizon
Power
Residential systems
NSW - Applications to the NSW Solar Bonus Scheme have been placed on hold. No
new applications to the Scheme will be considered as of midnight 28 April 2011
NT - Limited incentive available under Alice Springs Solar Cities
TAS - standard (non-premium) payment of 20c/kWh for electricity fed into the grid
Slide 11
Revenue – Value of energy
Grid connect v. off grid systems
Generation portion :
kWh used onsite Excess kWh
Application :
off grid / on grid
Avoided diesel
use / import
Dumped / exported
Off grid
Gross FiT (eg)
Net FiT - Premium (eg)
Net FiT -1 for 1 (eg)
$2.00
$0.40
$0.20
$0.20
$0.00
$0.40
$0.60
$0.20
No FiT - PPA (eg)
$0.20
<$0.05 (good luck!)
Slide 12
Value of energy – Small scale Technology
Certificates (STCs)
•Valid for all energy generated
irrespective of whether it is used on site
Deemed for small systems
Metered for larger systems
•Multiplier under Solar Credits Scheme
x3 from July 1 2011, reduces by 1 per year
First 1.5 kW of up to 10kW capacity on-grid
First 20 kW capacity off-grid
Slide 13
Value of energy - Treatment of STCs
•Income in first year from deemed STCs is
subtracted from up-front costs and treated
as a Capex reduction
Includes deemed ‘multiplier’ STCs
•Income from other STCs is revenue
Including future deemed certificates
•Separate market to RECS so there is no
risk of double-dipping by claiming STCs
Slide 14
Life cycle costing – key features
•Net Present Value - today’s value of
future (or past) money.
•Limitations of ‘simple’ payback
•Discount rates
•Levelised cost of energy – the true cost
Slide 15
Economic assessment tools
•Rules of thumb: limited accuracy
•DIY in Excel: for case-specific accuracy
•ATA’s payback calculation tool (in LG)
•Simple payback to discounted payback
conversion tables (in LG)
•Proprietary system design software:
probably not as useful as any of the above
Slide 16
NPV of different wind energy options
•Different types
•Different sizes
•Financial considerations of different tower
heights and locations – what would these
be?
Slide 17
NPV of options other than wind energy
•On grid options
•Off grid options
•New SAPS/RAPS
•Existing SAPS/RAPS
•Other energy sources
•BAU - Business As Usual
•Greenpower or CO2 offsets
Slide 18
Other resources
www.embark.com.au
- up to date FiT information
Slide 19
Small wind site assessment course:
Site assessment exercise
Schedule
Start
End
09:50
10:20
Morning tea
10:40
11:50
Tasks
Info gathering, preparation
Make way to site
Site visit
12:50
13:10
13:10
14:10
Debrief on site visit, plan report
and presentation (in groups)
Application of economics and
payback analysis (computer lab)
Prepare report and presentation
(computer lab and classroom)
14:10
16:30
Presentations
Lunch
Slide 21
Information gathering and preparation
•What information can you gather that will
make the site visit more efficacious?
•How will your team divide tasks?
•What tools will you need on site?
•Which tasks can only be done one site?
Ask questions of your customer!
Slide 22
Site visit and preparation of report
The facilitator/s will be available during the
site visit both to provide feedback and also to
play the role of ‘customer’.
Slide 23
Focus for presentation
Present decisions and considerations
including:
•Location options
•Minimum tower height
•Options for energy efficiency
•Average annual wind speed at hub height, wind shear,
turbulence intensity, annual energy output
•System and equipment options
•Potential technical, zoning, social or other barriers to the
installation of the small wind energy system
Slide 24
Wrap up
Slide 25
Small wind site assessment course
Thank you!