Transcript Industrial Revolution - Churchville Central School District

Industrial Revolution
Why Britain First?
The Effects on Europe
The Effects on the World
Why Britain First
Reasons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
England was small enough to build roads, waterways, canals
and railroads to cover the whole country.
England was already urbanized. (People had already begun
moving to cities to look for jobs)
England began using new technology like railroads
especially fuels like coal.
The new forms of agriculture allowed for more production
of food
England had a large pool of unemployed people looking
for work
England
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Improvement in Transportation
Urbanization
Working Conditions
The Rise of Big Business
Laissez-Faire Economics
Rise in Standard of Living
Change in Social Roles
New Class Structure
Transportation
Improvements in transportation
– The steam engine allows for cheap transportation.
The steam engine was first used in mining
– James Watt makes a faster and more efficient engine.
Steam engines are use on boats making the transportation
of people and raw materials cheaper and faster.
– Robert Fulton, American
Transportation
Railroads
– A cheap way to transport
goods and raw materials.
– Created new jobs in both
the railroad industry and
mining industry (coal to
run the trains)
– Made travel easier
Class Question
Write down on a sheet of paper what
– Urbanization is defined as
– Next brainstorm with a partner the following
Your city is set up to hold 40,000 people and you do so very
efficiently
– Good trash pick up, sewers work well, enough food, hospital spaces,
jobs, transportation systems, police, housing for all
In 9 years your city triples in size to 120,000 people or a little less
then 9,000 new people a year. What problems might your city have.
– Brainstorm and write down the problems
Urbanization
Due to the growth of the factories in the cities
people moved from the rural areas to the cities.
– By 1850 most major European cities double in size.
– In most cities the living conditions were poor.
Cities were without sewage, and garbage rotted on the
streets.
Urbanization
Why was there a growth of cities
– People were living longer because of better diets
– The number of wars and epidemic diseases declined
(What does epidemic mean)
– Factories sprung up in cities
Class Question
On a sheet of paper write down two to three
reasons why factories sprung up in cities and not
in rural areas.
Urbanization
Factories
– Sprung up because
Large labor force to work in the factories
Most cities had railroads and canal or rivers for easy
transportation of goods
Access to large steam engines and machines
Banks and money systems in cities
Most investors lived in cities
Urbanization
Living Conditions
– People lived in areas called row houses
– People lived in overcrowded apartments
– Most apartments had no
Running water
Sewers
Trash pick up
Urbanization
The city
– Sewers and open drains were common in most cities
– Because cities could not get rid of human and
animal waste, it rotted in the streets
Cities smelled horrid
– With no fresh drinking water people often drank
from unsanitary water
Class Question
If there are open sewers, waste in the streets,
dirty water what are you going to have in cities?
List on a sheet of paper
Urbanization
Disease spread quickly.
Cholera epidemics wiped
out large portions of the
people living in the
slums.
Urbanization
Typhus can be carried by lice,
fleas, or mites.
It is not be transferred from
person to person.
Often times these lice live in
dirty, unclean bedding,
clothing.
People who can not wash
their clothing, clean
themselves or have clean
bedding will often times
contract lice.
Symptoms
– Severe headache
– Chills
– Fever
– General aches
– Rash
– It kills up to 40 percent
of its victims
– If not treated the person
dies in about two weeks
Urbanization
An acute diarrhea disease of the
intestines.
Caused by bacteria.
After contraction the person can
show signs after a few hours or up
to 5 days later.
If untreated a persons chances of
survival are about 40%
After the bacteria is ingested they
multiply in great numbers.
The bacteria produces a toxin that
disrupts the intestine.
Symptoms
– Some may have no
symptoms at all.
– Generally
Severe dehydration
Massive diarrhea
Vomiting
Muscle cramps from
the loss of water
Sunken eyes
Dry tongue
Urbanization
People lived in crowded buildings.
No police protection.
Life span for a person in the city was 17.
Class Question
Working Conditions
– Take a moment and write down what happens to
people when they work long hours, six days a week
at a repetitive job with machines.
Factories and Working Conditions
Factories
– Factory owners wanted to keep the machines
running as long as possible
– Workers worked up to 14 hours a day six or seven
days a week.
– Work became routine, same job every day.
– Workers had to keep up with the pace of the
machines.
– People were treated as if they were a machine
Factories and Working Conditions
Factories were dangerous
places
– Poor lighting.
– Machines were not safe.
– Accidents and injuries
happened daily.
Factories and Working Conditions
Factory Conditions
– No job security
People could be fired at any time
– Half and hour lunch and dinner
Not paid for
– Extreme temperatures
Extremely hot in the summer
Cold in the winter
– Once in the factory people were locked into the
factory
Child Labor
Children played a very important role in the
family economy during the Industrial Revolution
Children had always been used to bring money
into the family like working in the fields but the
Industrial Revolution exploited children
Class Question
What does the word exploited mean?
What would be reasons why factory workers
would be able to exploit children and want to
use children in factories?
Child Labor
Children as young as the age
of 6 worked in the factories.
Children worked 6 to 7 days
a week 12 hours a day.
Children were often beaten
to get them to work.
Factory workers would often
splash water on children or
hit them with a stick to keep
them awake while working
the long hours
Child Labor
Why use children
– Children had small hands and were good with
working with thread
– Because children were smaller they were able to get
under and around machines easier then adults
– Children could be trained to work at factory work
Child Labor
Children were cheap labor
Children were only paid 1/6
of what an adult male would
make
Often times factory owners
would hire children because
they were cheaper then adults
Because of this children
became the main money
makers for the family
Child Labor
It was not uncommon to
see children the ages of
nine, ten or eleven who
had been working in
factories and had lost
fingers, hands, arms, or
legs.
Notes Summary
Write about the working a living conditions
during the Industrial Revolution.
Also why was Britain first among the
Industrialized nations? What did they have that
other nations did not have?