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Referencing using Harvard (the name and date system) Why reference? When do you need to give a reference? When do you need to reference? What information is included in a reference? Two useful videos: http://lncn.eu/iwy4 http://lncn.eu/cmu7 Why reference? Prevents the accusation of plagiarism Gives credibility to your work Courtesy to the person whose ideas you have referred to Allows the reader to locate the sources you used Shows that you have researched an area When do you need to give a reference? Whenever you use a source of information Direct quotes When you paraphrase or summarise Source of a theory, argument, viewpoint etc. Specific information - statistics, case studies etc. What sort of information is included in a reference? Name of the author or editor Title Year of publication Books - give name of publisher Books - give location of publisher Books - give edition (if not the first edition) Journal articles – give the name of the journal and the number of the volume/issue/part Electronic material - webpage address and when you accessed it Harvard referencing Two parts: 1. When you quote, paraphrase or summarise place in the text basic details of the source (author, date and page number) 2. Provide a Reference List at the end of the your assignment (arranged in alphabetical order) containing full publication details 1. Citing references within the text Give the author, year of publication and page number in brackets: It has been stated that the use of colour in painting is “arbitrary and unreal” (Batchelor, 2000, p. 52). Unless you put the author’s name in the sentence then only put the year and page number in the brackets: Batchelor (2000, p. 52) states that the use of colour in painting is “arbitrary and unreal”. 1. Citing references within the text Two authors, give both names: The long-standing debates about the nature of colour are continued by Herringbone and Samuel (1985, p.11), who make the point that….. More than two authors, cite the surname of the first author followed by ‘et al.’: It has been shown by Rattigan et al. (1989, p.67) that colour… No obvious personal author, cite the corporate body or the title of the work: Other commentators, such as The Times, agree that the Turner Prize is over-hyped (2004, p.32). Quoting less than one line: use quotation marks keep the quotation within the text …the use of colour is “arbitrary and unreal” (Batchelor, 2000, p.52). The long-standing debates about the nature of colour are… more than one line: do not use quotation marks start the quotation on a new line and indent it After 1945 colour increasingly became the reason for painting: Colour is dangerous. It is a drug, a loss of consciousness, a kind of blindness - at least for a moment. (Batchelor, 2000, p. 51). Another way of exploring colour was expressed in Pop Art, which… 2. Listing sources in a reference list and/or bibliography 2. Reference List Always at the end of your assignment Arranged in alphabetical order by author’s surname Provide the full publication details of everything you have cited within your assignment Take the publication details from the title page of the publication Do not include any page numbers (other than the page ranges of chapters from edited books and journal articles) 2. Reference List / Bibliography Your department guidelines may ask for: Reference List only: Provide a Reference List which only has the resources you referred to in your assignment Reference List and Bibliography: Include a Reference List as above: Followed by a Bibliography which has all the references from the reference list and everything else relevant you have looked at for the assignment (but haven’t referred to) Examples Reference list Batchelor, D. (2000) Chromophobia. London: Reaktion. Stoner, J.P. (1999) Colour in painting. In: Mirzoeff, N. (ed.) An Introduction to Visual Culture. London: Routledge, pp. 89-121. Bibliography Batchelor, D. (2000) Chromophobia. London: Reaktion. Guner, F. (2004) Billy Childish: we are all phonies. Modern Painters, 17 (1), pp.104-106. Stoner, J.P. (1999) Colour in painting. In: Mirzoeff, N. (ed.) An Introduction to Visual Culture. London: Routledge, pp. 89-121. Books year of publication author title Stone, R. (2009) Modern Law of Contract. 8th ed. London: Cavendish. publisher edition place of publication A chapter from an edited book year of publication author title of chapter Freeland, C. (2004) Piercing to our inaccessible, inmost parts: the sublime work of Bill Viola. In: Townsend, C. (ed.) The art of Bill Viola. London: Thames & Hudson, pp. 24-45. editor’s name publisher title of book location of publisher page range Journal article year of publication author title of article Bellini, A. (2005) New York tales: reflections in a glass curtain. Flash Art, 38 (240), pp. 104-106. title of journal (part/issue) volume page range Website year author title BBC News UK (2011) Government takes first step towards Asbo abolition. [online] Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12378755 [Accessed: 7 February 2011]. web address Accessed: date you accessed it Summary Refer to the author, the year published and the page within the text of your assignment At the end of your text, in your Reference List, give the full publication details of all the works you’ve referred to Check your department’s guidelines about a Reference List and/or Bibliography How do I keep track? Write down the details WHEN YOU FIND THE ARTICLE/BOOK etc. Use RefWorks Bibliographic management tool - automatically generates citations and reference lists for your assignments Available on the Library page of the Portal You will need to register the first time you use it Attend a workshop on RefWorks RefWorks: the basics …and finally You MUST follow the guidelines of your academic department Ask your tutor if you are uncertain Record the details as you go along either on paper or using RefWorks Take the information from the work itself Be consistent