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Lesson 4
The “Source” of the Power
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
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WARM-UP #1
Imagine what life would be like IF:
There were NO government or laws that regulated the
behavior of people?
People could do whatever they pleased?
BRUTISH
UNCERTAIN
CHAOS
LAW OF THE JUNGLE
Thomas Hobbes describe this situation as
“the state of nature”.
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
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WARM-UP #2
Sooooo, why do people come together
and live in groups or societies?
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
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How does a government get the “authority” to rule?
LEARNING TARGETS:
 I can explain three common ideas where the power
of government came from.
 I can explain how the social contract works.
VOCAB
Key Vocabulary to add to Flashcard List (1-7)
 force theory
 social contract
 divine right of kings  natural rights
 monarchy
 popular sovereignty
 absolute monarchy
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Place the Reading on
Social Contract Theory & John Locke
As you read the handout, CIRCLE any words you don’t know,
HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE important information.
Answer each Comprehension Question in the margin.
Social Contract Theory and John Locke
Man, in his earliest times, lived in a “state of nature” or unbridled freedom. The “law of the jungle” ruled mankind. Each 1.
man could do as he pleased and in any manner as he chose, as long as he could physically do it. That which he could take
by force was his, and remained his for as long as he could hold it. All men were free in this way. Therefore, each man
was only as safe as his own physical prowess and watchfulness could make him. His life in the state of nature was “nasty, 2.
brutish, and short.”
What was the original
condition man lived in?
According to the social contract theory, men overcame their unpleasant condition by agreeing with one another to form a 3.
group and create a “community”. In other words, individual humans gave up some of their independence and freedom in
order to enjoy the benefits of social life. Each person agreed to live within the rules of the social group or community.
This was the birth of “civil society”. The way the civil society maintained order and made decisions is its government.
The government and the state became the same thing. By contract, men within a given area joined together, each agreed
to give up to the group (state) as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all. In the contract, 4.
the members of the group created a government to exercise the powers which they had voluntarily granted to the state.
What are the benefits of
living in a group as
opposed to by yourself?
5.
The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free men. It holds that the state exists only
to serve the will of the people, that they are the sole source of political power, and that they are free to give or withhold
that power as they choose. The form of government did not matter. The concern was how well the government leaders
served the people. For their part, individual citizens were expected to follow the rules and limitations established by the 6.
group and its government – value law, order, and social stability. They were to do their very best to prosper as individuals
so that society as a whole could be improved. They assume their duties and obligations to their society when called upon
to do so, such as being soldiers in times of defense and paying taxes to run the government.
In the “state of nature”,
what is man’s main task?
What is a “contract”?
The two sides in a social
contract
are
the
___________ and the
___________.
What obligations and
responsibilities does the
individual have to the
group and state?
Man, in his earliest times, lived in a “state of
nature” or unbridled freedom. The “law of the
jungle” ruled mankind. Each man could do as he
pleased and in any manner as he chose, as long as
he could physically do it. That which he could
take by force was his, and remained his for as long
as he could hold it. All men were free in this way.
Therefore, each man was only as safe as his own
physical prowess and watchfulness could make
him. His life in the state of nature was “nasty,
brutish, and short.”
1. What was the original
condition man lived in?
THE STATE OF NATURE
UNBRIDLED FREEDOM
LIFE WAS NASTY,
BRUTISH, AND SHORT
An example of this?
“The Walking Dead”
“Revolution”
2. In the “state of nature”,
what is man’s main task?
SURVIVE
TO DO AS HE PLEASED
AS LONG AS HE WAS
ABLE TO DO IT
LIFE WAS NOT VERY ENJOYABLE SO…
PEOPLE DECIDED TO COME TOGETHER AND LIVE IN GROUPS.
BUT SOON PEOPLE TOOK CONTROL OF THE GROUP
OR OTHER GROUPS.
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
the belief that the “state” started when a
person or group claimed control over an
FORCE THEORY
area and forced the people within to
submit to their rule
Often these early governments were…
a “state” ruled or headed by a monarch
MONARCHY
such as a king or queen
Frequently these “monarchs” were…
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
a ruler who governs alone and is not
restrained
by laws, aMONARCHY
constitution, or
ABSOLUTE
custom
Later, the “power” or the ruler was supported by the belief…
the belief that the right of rule derives
(comes)
directly
from God
not from
DIVINE
RIGHT
OFand
KINGS
the consent of the people
In other words, kings ruled because it was THEIR RIGHT to rule
because they were king!
According to the social contract theory, men
overcame their unpleasant condition by agreeing 3. What are the benefits of
living in a group as
with one another to form a group and create a
“community.” In other words, individual humans
opposed to by yourself?
gave up some of their independence and freedom in
HELP ONE ANOTHER
order to enjoy the benefits of social life. Each
SAFETY AND
person agreed to live within the rules of the social
SECURITY
group or community. This was the birth of “civil
society.” The way the civil society maintained
order and made decisions is its government. The 4. What is a “contract”?
government and the state became the same thing.
AN AGREEMENT
By contract, men within a given area joined
BETWEEN TWO OR
together, each agreed to give up to the group (state)
MORE PARTIES
as much power as was needed to promote the safety
and well-being of all. In the contract, the members
of the group created a government to exercise the 5. The two sides in a social
powers which they had voluntarily granted to the
contract are the _______
PEOPLE
state.
and the _____________.
GOVERNMENT
The social contract theory argues that the state
arose out of a voluntary act of free men. It holds 6. What obligations and
responsibilities does the
that the state exists only to serve the will of the
people, that they are the sole source of political
individual have to the
power, and that they are free to give or withhold
group and state?
that power as they choose.
The form of
FOLLOW THE RULES
government did not matter. The concern was how
AND LIMITATIONS OF
well the government leaders served the people. For
SOCIETY
the people
source of
all
their part, individual
citizens are
weretheSOVEREIGNTY
expected
to any and
POPULAR
DO THEIR BEST
follow the rules and
limitations established
government
power by the
ASSUME THEIR
group and its government – value law, order, and
DUTIES WHEN CALLED
social stability. They were to do their very best to
UPON
prosper as individuals so that society as a whole
could be improved. They assume their duties and
implied
obligations to their an
society
whenagreement
called upon among
to do people
so, such as being soldiers
in times
of defense
and
that results
in the
organization
of society
paying taxes to run theindividuals
government.
SOCIAL
CONTRACT
surrender
liberty in return
for protection and the benefits of
group life
Under the social contract, people accepted the fact
that the society, by way of the government, laws 7. What obligations does
the state have to the
and social pressure, had the right to limit and
interfere with individuals. However, the limitations
individual?
and interference must be based on principles that
SERVE THE WILL OF
were in the best interest of the people in general. In
THE PEOPLE
other words, the society or government could
PROMOTE THE
interfere if it did not violate the rights of all citizens
INTERESTS OF THE
in the society and would benefit the society as a
PEOPLE
whole. When individuals did not fulfill their duties
or harmed or limited the society, these individuals
could be punished.
The people gave the
8. What should happen to
government the power and authority to make and
people who don’t fulfill
enforce laws and punish the disobedient.
their obligations?
THE GOVERNMENT
CAN PUNISH THE
PEOPLE
Under the social contract, the government and its
leaders ruled with the approval of the people.
Therefore, the people had the right to disband the
government or replace its leaders. This would only
happen when the majority of people decided that its
leaders no longer served the people and promoted
their interests. The people thought this ability to
disband an abusive government was their way to
monitor and limit the power and actions of their
government. They also thought that this would
force their leaders to be directly responsible to the
people.
Most people in England and the American colonies
believed that a social contract existed between the
people and the king and Parliament. They believed
it was an agreement people voluntarily accepted
and that all members of the society, including the
government, were obligated to fulfill their part of
the agreement.
The Enlightenment began in Europe, as scientists
discovered natural laws governing the universe. 9. Locke stated all humans
had three natural rights,
For example, Isaac Newtown explained the law of
gravity. Other Enlightenment thinkers applied the
the right to ________,
LIFE
idea of natural law to human societies. The English
_____________,
and
LIBERTY
philosopher John Locke argued that people have
________________.
PROPERTY
“natural rights.” These natural rights are guarantees
all people have because they are humans. These are
As part of the social
According
to John
Locke,
humans
rights to life, liberty,
and property.
Locke,
as partall10.
of the social contract,
stated
that people
Locke stated
possess
certain
rights, create
freedoms, contract,
and
governments to protect
their
natural
rights.
If part
a
NATURAL
RIGHTS
the government was
privileges
that are
a basic
ofthat
human
government fails in this duty, people have the right
PROTECT
created to ___________
nature
to change it. Locke also challenged the belief that
includes
________________.
THESE RIGHTS
kings had a God-given right
to rule.life, liberty, and property
11. If government harmed
these rights, the people
could _____________
REPLACE OR
___________________
CHANGE THE
___________________.
GOVERNMENT
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Visualizing the Social Contract
Replace or
Overthrow it
Protect their Rights
Government
(Kings)
The
Social
Contract
Give Power
Misuse
Power
People
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PLACE THE CLASS NOTES
The Source of the Power
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
In the past, how did rulers get their “power” to rule?
1.
_________ theory – the belief that a small group or a single person took control over an area and the people of the area are forced to
submit to that person or group’s law
2.
_______________ of kings – the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people
Hobbes, Locke, and others challenged this
1.
__________________________ – rulers receive the right to rule from the people, the __________ of the __________
2.
This form of government is called a ____________________
What is a “social contract”?
1.
A ________________________ between people to form a ____________ for the _____________________
How does the social contract work?
1.
The ____________
a.
Give up ______________________________________
b.
Agree to live within the ____________________________
c.
Do their best to ______________ as individuals
d.
Assume the _________ and _________________ of society when called upon
2.
The _______________________
a.
Government had the right _______________ and _______________ with individuals
b.
When individuals ______________________________ or harmed society, these individuals could be ____________
c.
Ruled with the approval of the __________
3.
Changing the contract
a.
If the government or leaders failed its duties or became abusive, it could ____________________________
b.
This allows the people to __________ and ________ the _________ and ___________ of the government
c.
Force the leaders to be ___________________________ to the ____________
John Locke’s Ideas
1.
______________ rights
a.
All people have because they are ____________
b.
Include:
__________ - ___________________________________________________________
__________ - ___________________________________________________________
__________ - ___________________________________________________________
2.
If a government fails its duty to protect these rights, ____________________________________________
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
The Source of the Power
A. In the past, how did rulers get their “power” to rule?
1. _________
FORCE theory – the belief that a small group or a single
person took control over an area and the people of the area
are forced to submit to that person or group’s law
DIVINE RIGHT of kings – the belief that the right of rule
2. _______________
derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent
of the people
B. Hobbes, Locke, and others challenged this
1. __________________________
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY – rulers receive the right to
rule from the people, the __________
CONSENT of the __________
PEOPLE
2. This form of government is called a ____________________
SOCIAL CONTRACT
C. What is a “social contract?”
1. A ___________________________
VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT between people to form a
______________
for the ____________________________
SOCIETY
BENEFITS OF SOCIAL LIFE
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
The Source of the Power
D. How does the social contract work?
1. The ____________
PEOPLE
a. Give up ______________________________________
SOME INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM
b. Agree to live within the ____________________________
RULES OF THE COMMUNITY
PROSPER
c. Do their best to ______________
as individuals
DUTIES and _________________
OBLIGATIONS of society
d. Assume the _________
when called upon
2. The _______________________
GOVERNMENT
a. Government had the right _______________
and
LIMIT
INTERFERE
________________
with individuals
FAILED THEIR OBLIGATIONS or
b. When individuals ______________________________
harmed society, these individuals could be ____________
PUNISHED
c. Ruled with the approval of the __________
PEOPLE
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
3. Changing the contract
a. If the government or leaders failed its duties or became
abusive, it could ____________________________
REPLACED OR DISBANDED
b. This allows the people to __________
MONITOR and ________
LIMIT
POWER and ___________
ACTIONS of the government
the _________
c. Force the leaders to be ___________________________
DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE
to the ____________
PEOPLE
E. John Locke’s Ideas
1. ______________
rights
NATURAL
HUMAN
a. All people have these because they are ____________
b. Include
Nickelback Video – “Savin’ Me”
______
- ___________________________________
LIFE
The FUTURE The REST of your life
__________
- ___________________________________
LIBERTY
The PRESENT Choices you make NOW
____________
PROPERTY - ___________________________________
The PRODUCT The RESULT of your choices
2. If a government fails its duty to protect these rights, and life
____________________________________________
PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO CHANGE IT
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
VIDEO
The Philosophy of Liberty
We Exist in Time
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
VOCABULARY ACTIVITY
 Part 1
 Match the terms and the definitions
 Part 2
 Draw a sketch for each vocabulary term
 Pictionary
 NO words or numbers
 Who will be the first to guess?
Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power
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WRAP-UP
Why does THIS matter now?
U.S. citizens believe
the government has “authority” over us
because
WE, the citizens,
give it power to carry out its desires.