Transcript African American Faith Based Bereavement Initiative

African American Faith
Based Bereavement
Initiative
Module 1
Why do we care? Opening our eyes to
our community’s pain?
1 Kings 8:52 NIV
May your eyes be open to your servant’s plea and to the plea of your people Israel, and may you
listen to them whenever they cry out to you.
Crisis in the Crib
Module 1
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Module 1
A Quiz
Which of the
following is not
true about AfricanAmerican babies:
a. They are more than twice as likely
to die during their first year of life
than white babies
b. They are more than 2.5 times as
likely to be born at a very low birth
weight than white babies
c. They are more than twice as likely
to be born at a low birth weight
than white babies
d. They are more likely to die from
congenital anomalies (birth
defects) than white babies.
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The Answer
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• They are more likely to die from congenital
anomalies (birth defects) than white babies.
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A Quiz
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• True or false. The reason more AfricanAmerican babies are born early or die young is
that there is a genetic problem that can be
traced back to Africa.
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The Answer
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• False
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A Quiz
Module 1
• True or false. Other women of color in the
United States experience pregnancy losses at
the same rate as African American women.
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The Answer
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• False
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A Quiz
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• True or false. Rich and well-educated AfricanAmerican women have birth outcomes that are
like those of white women at their socioeconomic level?
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The Answer
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• False
AAFBBI Curriculum ©2011 NCCC
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Population of women 15-44 years
by race/ethnicity US, 2006
All race categories exclude Hispanics.
Source: US Census Bureau. Population estimates based on bridged race categories released by the National
Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved December 8, 2009, from www.marchofdimes.com/peristats.
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Module 1
Percentage of infant deaths by
US, 2003-2005 Average
race/ethnicity
All race categories exclude Hispanics. Percentages will not total 100 percent since missing ethnicity data are not
shown.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, period linked birth/infant death data. Retrieved December 8, 2009,
from www.marchofdimes.com/peristats.
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Disparities in Infant Mortality
Data Source: Mathews and McDorman, 2010
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Why Are Babies Dying?
• Non-Hispanic black babies are much more likely
than non-Hispanic white babies to die from:
– Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (2.4 times more likely)
– African American babies are at higher risk due to:
• More likely to be put to sleep on their stomachs
• More likely to sleep in bed with parents and other children
• More likely to be put to sleep on couches and other unsafe
surfaces
Li, et al, 2009; Shapiro-Mendoza, et al, 2009;Hauck, et al, 2008; Bruckner, 2008; Fu, et al,
2008; Lahr, et al, 2007; Ostfeld, et al, 2006; Shields, et al, 2005; Hauck, et al, 2003;Unger, et
al, 2003; Hauck, et al, 2002; Pollack and Frohna, 2002.; Mathews and McDorman 2008
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What can you do
Module 1
• In many communities, churches hold SIDS
Sundays to promote information about safe
sleep for babies.
• Free resources are available for your church to
do a SIDS Sunday
– Electronic files to have Safe Sleep information
fans printed
– Suggestions for sermons
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Module 1
Why Are Babies Dying?
• Non-Hispanic black babies are much more
likely than non-Hispanic white babies to die
from:
Maternal pregnancy complications
(3.1 times more likely)
Other birth complications (twice as
likely)
Mathews and McDorman 2008
AAFBBI Curriculum ©2011 NCCC
Why Are Babies Dying?
Module 1
• Non-Hispanic black babies are much more
likely than non-Hispanic white babies to die
from:
– Preterm births and the associated low birth weights
(5 times more likely)
Mathews and McDorman 2010
AAFBBI Curriculum ©2011 NCCC
Module 1
Preterm by race
US, 2004-2006 Average
Preterm is less than 37 completed weeks gestation.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, final natality data. Retrieved
December 8, 2009, from www.marchofdimes.com/peristats.
AAFBBI Curriculum ©2011 NCCC
What contributes to these
differences?
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• Genetics does not seem to play a role
• Poverty and the stresses associated with it
• Mothers who were low birth weight
themselves are more likely to have babies who
are low birth weight
• Interpersonal racial discrimination experienced
by the mother
Collins, et.al. 2004; Collins and David, 2009; Matthews,
and MacDorman, 2008; Lu and Halfon, 2003)
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Fetal Mortality Rates—2005
Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics
Module 1
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Overall
White
Black
AI/AN
AP/PI
Hispanic
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Module 1
We cannot help what we do not
see.
• We need to open our eyes to these
inequities so we can open our hearts
to the families who experience these
losses.
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Module 1
Hauck, F., Moore, C., Herman, S., Donovan, M., Kalelkar, M.,
Christoffel, K., Hoffman, H. and Rowley, D., (2002). The Contribution
of Prone Sleeping Position to the Racial Disparity in Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome: The Chicago Infant Mortality Study. Pediatrics,
110(4):772-80.
Lahr, M., Rosenberg, K., and Lapidus, J., (2006). Maternal-Infant
Bedsharing: Risk Factors for Bedsharing in a Population-based Survey
of New Mothers and Implications for SIDS Risk Reduction. Maternal
Child Health Journal, 11(3):277-86. Epub 2006.
Li, L., Zhang, Y., Zielke, R., Ping, Y. and Fowler, D., (2009).
Observations on Increased Accidental Asphyxia Deaths in Infancy
While Cosleeping in the State of Maryland. American Journal of
Forensic Medical Pathology, 11(06).
Matthews, T. and McDorman, M., (2008). Infant Mortality Statistics
from the 2005 Period Birth/Death Linked Data Set. National Vital
Statistics Reports, (57)2.
Mathews, T. and McDorman, M., (2010, April 30) Infant mortality
statistics from the 20056 period birth/death linked data set. National
Vital Statistics Reports, 58(17).
AAFBBI Curriculum ©2011 NCCC
Module 1
McDorman, M., Hoyert, D., Martin, J., Munson, M. and Hamilton, B., (2009). Fetal
and Perinatal Mortality, United States. National Vital Statistics Reports, (57)8.
Ostfeld, B., Perl, H., Esposito, L., Hempstead, K., Hinnen, R., Sandler, A., Pearson,
P. and Hegyi, T., (2006). Sleep Environment, Positional, Lifestyle, and Demographic
Characteristics Associated with Bed Sharing in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Cases: a Population-based Study. Pediatrics, 118(5):2051-9.
Pollack, H. and Frohna, J., (2002). Infant Sleep Placement after the Back to Sleep
Campaign. Pediatrics, 109(4):608-14.
Shapiro-Mendoza, C., Kimball, M., Tomashek, K., Anderson, R. and Blanding, S.,
(2009). US Infant Mortality Trends Attributable to Accidental Suffocation and
Strangulation in Bed From 1984 through 2004: are rates increasing? Pediatrics,
123(2):533-9.
Shields, L., Hunsaker, D., Muldoon, S., Corey, T. and Spivack, B., (2005). Risk
Factors Associated with Sudden Unexplained Infant Death: A Prospective Study of
Infant Care Practices in Kentucky. Pediatrics, 116(1):e13-20.
Unger, B., Kemp, J., Wilkins, D., Psara, R., Ledbetter, T., Graham, M., Case, M. and
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Thach, B., (2003). Racial Disparity and Modifiable Risk Factors among Infants
Dying Suddenly and Unexpectedly. Pediatrics, 111(2):E127-31.
Willinger, M., Ko, C. and Reddy, U., (2009). Racial Disparities in Stillbirth Risk
across Gestation in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, 201(5):469.e1-8. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
AAFBBI Curriculum ©2011 NCCC