Transcript Economics - SharpSchool

USHistory
History
US
Standard: USHC-6.2
Explain the causes and effects of the
social change and conflict between
traditional and modern culture that took
place during the 1920s, including the role of
women, the “Red Scare,” the resurgence of
the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas,
Prohibition, and the Scopes trial.
Standard 6.2 EQs
• How did the role of women change in the
1920s?
• What caused the Red Scare of the 1920s? Why
did the US have immigration quotas?
• Why was the 18th Amendment passed?
• What was the Scopes Trial?
Standard 6.2 Terms
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18th Amendment
Al Capone
Bootlegging
Chinese Exclusion Act
Flappers
Nineteenth Amendment
Organized Crime
Palmer Raids
Prohibition
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Red Scare
Sacco And Vanzetti Case
Scopes Trial
Speakeasy
Suffrage
Susan B. Anthony
Women's Suffrage
Women’s Changing Roles
The Flapper Image
• The flapper, (a type of bold, fun-loving
young woman, came to symbolize a revolution
in manners and morals that took place in the
1920s).
– Flappers challenged conventions of
dress, hairstyle, and behavior.
– Many Americans disapproved of
flappers’ free manners as well as the
departure from traditional morals
that they represented.
Women’s Changing Roles
Women Working and Voting
 Many women took the jobs for men fighting in
WWI
 Although many women held jobs in the 1920s,
businesses remained prejudiced against women
seeking professional positions.
 The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the
right to vote in all elections beginning in 1920.
• At first, many women did not exercise their
right to vote.
Election of 1920
• Issues of concern in the
presidential election of
1920:
– Emerging from the
shadow of World War I
– Putting the economy
back on track
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Republican Warren G. Harding called for a return to
“normalcy.”
• Many Americans hoped that Harding’s “normalcy” would
protect them from the spread of Russia’s communism, (an
ideology openly hostile to capitalism and First
Amendment freedoms).
Red Scare
• Red Scare (an intense fear
of communism and other
radical ideas)
– Some Americans were
concerned that the European
immigrants entering the United
States were Communists or
other radicals.
– Bolshevick Revolution in
Russia (communist overthrow
of the government) and labor
strikes did not help calm
citizens.
– A wave of letter bombings by
anarchists prompted
widespread fear
Red Scare
Palmer Raids
There was a strong fear
of foreigners
(xenophobia) after WWI.
Attempts by Attorney
General Alexander
Palmer to find, arrest and
deport radicals and
anarchists from the
U.S.A
Arrested and deported
about 500 foreign
citizens.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
• Sacco and Vanzetti
Case
– Two anarchists (believed in
an absence of government)
were accused of a robbery
and murder.
– Many people believed that
they were singled out
because they were both
radicals and immigrants.
– After a trial that many
believed was unfair, the jury
found them guilty and
sentenced them to death.
Racial Tensions
Great Migration
•
Thousands of African Americans moved from the south to
northern cities during WWI
Violence Against African Americans
• Mob violence between white and black Americans
erupted in about 25 cities during the summer of
1919.
• The worst of these race riots occurred in Chicago,
where the African American population had
doubled since 1910.
– A white man threw a rock at a black teenager swimming in
Lake Michigan, and the boy drowned.
– The incident touched off riots that lasted several days,
destroyed many homes, killed several people and wounded
many more.
Racial Tensions
Revival of the Klan
• Although it had been largely eliminated during
Reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan regained power
during the 1920s and greatly increased its
membership outside the South.
• Movie “Birth of a Nation” helped to glorify the KKK.
– The Klan’s focus shifted
to include terrorizing not
just African Americans
but also Catholics, Jews,
immigrants, and others.
– After the arrest of a major
Klan leader in 1925, Klan
membership diminished
once again.
Racial Tensions
• Domestic Issues
– As Americans became more isolationist during the
Red Scare, they also became more nativist.
Nativism (is a movement favoring native-born Americans
over immigrants).
– In 1921, Congress passed a law restricting
immigration. The law included a quota, (or a
numerical limit imposed on immigrants).
• Aimed at mainly Eastern European, Chinese and Japanese
immigrants.
Prohibition
• The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which
took effect on January 16, 1920, (made the manufacture, sale,
and transport of liquor, beer, and wine illegal).
• Why passed?
– Tempereance movement during WWI
– Took advantage of anti-german sentiment and grain
rationing during the war.
– As a result,
• many Americans turned to bootleggers (suppliers of
illegal alcohol).
• speakeasies (Bars that operated illegally), were either
disguised as legitimate businesses or hidden in some
way, often behind heavy gates.
• Prohibition sharpened the contrast between rural and
urban areas, since urban areas were more likely to
ignore the law.
• Additionally, it increased the number of liquor-serving
establishments in some major cities to far above preProhibition levels.
Organized Crime
• Organized Crime
– The tremendous profit resulting from the sale of illegal
liquor, as well as the complex organization involved,
helped lead to the development of organized crime.
– Successful bootlegging organizations often moved into
other illegal activities as well, including:
• gambling
• prostitution
• racketeering (obtaining money illegally)
– As rival groups fought for control in some American cities,
gang wars and murders became commonplace.
– One of the most notorious criminals of this time was Al
Capone, nicknamed “Scarface,” “a gangster who rose to
the top of Chicago’s organized crime network”.
• Capone proved talented at avoiding jail but was finally
imprisoned in 1931.
Issues of Religion
Fundamentalism
• As science, technology, modern social
issues, and new Biblical scholarship
challenged traditional religious beliefs, a
religious movement called fundamentalism
gained popularity.
– Fundamentalism supported traditional Christian
ideas and argued for a literal interpretation of the
Bible.
Issues of Religion
Evolution and the Scopes Trial
• Fundamentalists worked to pass laws
against teaching the theory of evolution in
public schools.
– Scopes trial:
• A science teacher named John T. Scopes
agreed to challenge such a law in Tennessee.
He was arrested and put on trial.
• First trial to be broadcast over American radio.
• The case became a public debate between
fundamentalists and modernists.
• William J. Bryan (populist presidential
candidate) was the prosecutor.
Standard 6.2 EQs Review
• How did the role of women change in the 1920s? (1) WWI led
women to work in the place of men, (2) 19th amendment, (3) women did
NOT make gains in politics or the workplace, (3) Flappers did challenge
some traditional moral roles of women
• What caused the Red Scare of the 1920s? (1) Xenophobia (Fear of
foreigners), (2) Labor strikes, (3) Bolshevik Revolution, (4) Bombs, (5)
Palmer Raids, (6) Sacco & Vanzetti case, (7) Resurgence of the KKK
• What led to the rise of the KKK in the 1920s? (1) Prejudice against
blacks (Birth of a Nation), (2) Anti-immigration & Anti-Catholic, (3)
Moral regulators (Anti-gambling & bootlegging) , (4) Led to immigration
quotas
• Why did the US have immigration quotas? (1) Nativism, (2) Racism,
(3) West Europeans vs. East Europeans, (4) Latin Americans will start
to become the fastest growing minority in USA.
• Why was the 18th Amendment passed? (1) Temperance movement
during WWI used Anti-German sentiments & grain shortages to pass
this law, (2) Led to illegal bootleggers (Al Capone) & speakeasies
became active, (3) Led to 21st Amendment
• What was the Scopes Trial? (1) Fundamentalism vs. Darwinism, (2)
Clarence Darrow vs. William J. Bryan, (3) Accomplished nothing