Transcript Using the Principles of Design

Using the Principles
of Design
Chapter 12
Principles of Design
Guidelines for working with elements of
design
Four principles of Design
Proportion & Scale
 scale
 Balance
 emphasis

Rhythm of Design
Proportion & Scale
Proportion: relationship of parts of the
same object or the relationship between
different objects in the same group
Described in ratio
 Golden Rectangle, Golden Mean, Golden
Section

Scale: relative size of an object in
relation to other objects
Golden Rectangle
Sides in the ration of
2:3
Short sides 2/3
length of long side
Golden Mean
Division of line
bewteen ½ and 1/3
of its length
Unequal division
more pleasing to the
eye
Golden Section
Division of line or
form in such a way
that the ratio of the
smaller section to
the larger section is
equal to the ratio of
the larger section to
the who
Scale
Relative size of an object in relation to
other objects
Make sure scale fits space
Make sure furnishings are in scale to
one another
Visual Weight: perception that an
object weighs more or less than it really
does
Balance
Implies equilibrium among parts of
design
Equal weight on both sides
Formal Balance (symmetrical)
Informal Balance (asymmetrical)
Formal Balance
Informal Balance
Emphasis
Creates a center of interest or focal
point
What is seen first and draws attention
Make sure focal point is worthy of
attention
Can be architecture or furnishings
Emphasis
Rhythm
Leads the eye from one area to another in a
design
Results when element of design forms
organized pattern
Types of Rhythm:




Repetition
Gradation
Radiation
opposition
Repetition
Created when
elements of design
are repeated
Gradation
Gradual increase or
decrease of similar
elements of design
Radiation
Lines flow outward
from central point
Opposition
Lines meet to form
right angles
Found in
construction and
furnishings
Transition
Curved lines carry
the eyes from one
part of an object to
another part
Goals of Design
Function & appropriateness
Harmony: agreement among parts
Unity: all parts of the design are related
by on design idea
Beauty
Goal of design
Describes well designed and pleasing
objects
Sensory Design
Application of how to apply design in
regard to the senses of sight, hearing,
smell and touch