Transcript Document

Unit 1: A New
Beginning
The French and Indian War (Seven Years War): The War that
Shaped America’s Destiny 1754-1763
Bell Ringer
•Based on yesterday’s lesson
what do you think were
possible causes for The
French and Indian War?
Learning Target
•I can explain the causes and
effects of the French and
Indian War on North Carolina.
•Concept: Conflict
Essential Standards
•8.H.1.2
•8.H.1.3
•8.H.2.1
•8.H.3.4
Two Column Notes – The
French and Indian War
•As we go through the
presentation, use the
handouts to complete
your Two-Column Notes.
French Possessions In North
America
English Possessions In North
America
French in
North
America
British in
North
America
Native Americans
French in
North
America
British in
North
America
Assessment Prompt 1:The Ohio River Valley is ready to
explode!
Why?(Think about who owned what land and what
each side wanted.)
French and Indian War
Reasons For the War:
1. Fur Trade
A.
B.
2. Land
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. Indian Relations
A.
B.
C.
The Fur Trade
A. Earliest & most
important industry
for French (business)
in North America
B. 1500s-1800s Beaver
fur was used to make
hats, they were the
fashion in Europe.
* One of the causes of
the French and
Indian War.
Beaver Fur
Beaver Trap
2. Land
* Another cause of the French and Indian War.
A. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio
Valley to farm.
B. This would hurt the French colonial fur trade.
* This brought economic, religious, and political conflict
between the English and French in the Ohio River Valley.
French in North America
• Land was originally claimed by French
explorers.
•French fur traders used the Ohio River area
for fur trading.
C. French gov’t built forts to stop English
taking the land.
British in North America
• The English colonies grew and prospered.
New colonists were looking for more land.
•Free or cheap land offered new
opportunities and economic freedom.
D. English government built forts and
started to grant land to its citizens.
3. Indian Relations
A. French have better relationships
with Indians.
B.
English wanted to take their land for
farming.
• Most French colonists were fur
traders and trappers.
C. French only wanted the fur. They didn’t
want to stay on the land.
• They lived among the Indians and adopted their
ways.
• They learned to make canoes, trap animals,
make snow shoes, and etc..
• They learned Native American languages.
• They took Indian brides.
• Bi-racial children
Assessment Prompt 1ThinkPair-Share
•Which of the three
reasons for The French
and Indian War do you
think is the most
important? Why?
French and Indian War
Bell Ringer
•What were three
reasons for the
French and Indian
War?
French in
North
America
The English
attack French
Fort Duquesne.
The attack was
a disaster and
was the
beginning of
the French and
Indian War.
British in
North
America
French in
North
America
The war is
fought on two
continents
(North America
and Europe)
British in
North
America
War
 In America, they
fought over control
of the entire
Western frontier
including the Ohio
River Valley.
 In Europe, France
and England began
to fight in what was
called the Seven
Years War.
French and Indian War
Advantages of Each Side
1. British/American
Advantages:
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. French Advantages:
A.
B.
C.
1.
2.
Advantages of Each Side
1. British/American Colonies
A. Larger Population
▪ 1,485,000
B. Militias
▪ Poorly organized and
equipped.
1. They were ready at a
moment’s notice.
2. Fighting the Indians for
over a 100 years.
C. Self-supporting
▪ Produced enough food and
supplies.
D. Britain controlled the seas.
2. French Colonies
 Single Colonial
Government
A. One government meant
less discussion during
decision making.
(American colonists didn’t
always agree to follow
British orders)
B. Pattern of Settlement
▪ Clustered together
1. Towns were close
together
C. Well-fortified positions
▪ Build high on cliffs.
French and Indian War
Disadvantages of Each
Side
1. British/American
Disadvantages:
A.
1.
B.
2. French Disadvantages:
A.
B.
C.
1.
2.
Disadvantages of Each Side
1. British/American
Colonies
A. Colonial
Assemblies
1. Each colony
jealously guarded its
own power.
B. Fighting an
Offensive War
▪ Attack Quebec and
Montreal to win the
war.
2. French Colonies
A. Smaller Population
▪ 75,000
B. Depended on
Imports
▪ British controlled the
seas.
C. Troops
1. France sent few
troops over.
2. Defense fell to the
fur trading
companies.
Assessment Prompt
•Explain how conflict
over resources plays a
pivotal role in causing
wars.
French and Indian War
Native American
Involvement
1. British/American Allies:
A.
1.
B.
2. French Allies:
A.
1.
2.
Native American Involvement
1. British/American
Colonies
A. Iroquois League
1. Mostly neutral, but
did fight
occasionally.
B. Chief of the
Mohawks
 Joseph Brant
 Became a colonel in
the British army.
2. French Colonies
A. Algonquins,
Ottawas & the
Hurons
1. Longtime trading
partners
2. Didn’t trust the
land grabbing
white settlers.
Assessment Prompt – ThinkPair-Share
•What role did the
Native Americans
play in the French
and Indian War?
The American Colonies and the war.
French and Indian War
Albany Plan
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
Battle of Quebec
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
B
E
N
F
R
A
N
K
L
I
N
The Albany Plan
The Albany Plan
1754• Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies
met in Albany, New York.
B. Ben Franklin (drew it up), delegate from
Pennsylvania came to Albany with a “Plan of
Union” or “Albany Plan”, a loose union or
compact between the colonies.
C. A promise from the colonies to work together.
D. The plan failed because the colonial assemblies
and the British Parliament rejected it.
A.
Assessment Prompt
•Why did the
Albany Plan fail?
The Last of the Mohicans
• Written by James
Fenimore Cooper
• The Last of the
Mohicans is part of a
series of four books
called The
Leatherstocking
Tales.
• Follows the life of a
colonial boy and his
Native American
friend.
Battle of
Quebec
A. Turning Point of
War
B. September 13,
1759
C. British approach
Quebec by sea
and climb cliffssurprise attack
D. Plains of Abraham
E. French caught off
guard.
Battle of
Quebec
British General-James Wolf’s
death at Quebec
F. Commanders
of both armies
die in battle
G. British claim
victory
H. French
surrender in
America a year
later on
September 6,
1760
Assessment Prompt
•Predict what you think
happened to the French
at the end of the War.
•Share your thoughts with
your partner.
French and Indian War
War Ends
A.
B.
A.
Results of the French and
Indian War
B.
C.
1.
War Ends
* France and Britain continued fighting in
Europe for three more years
A. Treaty of Paris is signed on February 10,
1763-this ends the war.
B. France surrenders all land in North
America to Britain
Results of War
A. Britain gained control over half the North
American continent, including French Canada, all
French territorial claims-everything east of the
Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida.
B. Another result of the war was - British decide to
reevaluate their relationship with the colonies.
1. Want to re-establish control.
C. The British government also faced pressing
financial problems. They owed a lot of money.
1. Britain began fighting in 1754 with a national
debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but
the war effort caused the debt to soar to 133
million pounds by 1763.
Proclamation
Line of 1763
The British declared that
American colonists would not
be allowed to set up or keep
settlements west of an
imaginary line running down
the crest of the Appalachian
Mountains. The proclamation
acknowledged that Native
Americans owned the lands
on which they were then
residing and white settlers in
the area were to be removed.
Appalachian Mountains
Mississippi River
Topic: French and Indian War
Most Important Things to Remember!
French vs. British & American Colonists--with Indians fighting on both sides.
War in North America and Europe
War is over land, farming and furs.
Ben Franklin draws a political cartoon and writes the Albany Plan to try and get
the colonies to work together.
Britain and the British colonists won the war!!
The Treaty of Paris, 1763, officially ends the war.
France looses North America and the British take over their land.
Proclamation Line of 1763 which is England’s attempt to control the colonies
Summary
•Explain how the taxes that
came to be because of the
French and Indian War led
to the eventual American
Revolution.