Transcript Capacity Building for Integrated Assessment and Planning

Capacity Building for Integrated Assessment
and Planning for Sustainable Development in
Indonesia: Formulation of Strategic Guidelines for
Poverty Reduction with Sustainable
Development Principles
(S G P R)
UNEP Initiative on Capacity Building for Integrated
Assessment and Planning for Sustainable Development
Mid Term Review Meeting
Geneva, 16-17 February 2005
Indonesia at a glance :
Land area
:
Population
GNP
Pct Income
Ave. Growth
:
:
:
:
1.9 million sq.km (17,000 islands, of which
6,000 are inhabited)
214 million (2002), 60% live in Jawa-Bali
US$ 145 billion (2001)
US$ 680 (2001)
3.8% p.a. (1991-2001)
Contribution of economic sectors to GDP : Agriculture 19%,
Industry 43%, Services 38% (2000)
Life expectancy
: 66 years (2000)
Literacy rate
: 87% (2000)
Share of poor population : 7.4% (2003, US$ 1 per-day)
53.4% (US$ 2 per-day)
18.3% (2100 calories per-day)
Poverty Figure in Indonesia*
45
40
40.1
Percentage (%)
35
33.3
30
26.9
28.6
24.2
25
23.4
21.6
20
18.3
19.1
17.4
15
15.1
Rural
10
17.9
13.7
11.3
Urban
5
Rural+Urban
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1996
1993
1990
1987
1984
1981
1980
1978
1976
0
Year
* The Poverty Line is calculated based on food adequacy or food consumption of 2100 calories per person per day
Overview of Past Poverty Reduction Strategies
•
Poverty measures:
– 17.4% or 37.4 mio (2003) using 2,100 cal/day
– USD 1/day or 7.4%
– USD 2/day or 53.45%
•
•
•
•
•
relied on borrowed vision of the future (i.e. from the Indonesian Millennium
Development Goals) not wholly derived from the results of the analysis phase;
do no address the trade-offs required to successfully address poverty alleviation
given the various sectoral priorities and needs which are not necessarily oriented
toward the poor;
lacked recognition of the environmental and natural-resource dimension to
poverty alleviation;
lacked delegation of authority and division of labor to implement the strategy
(i.e. it is not clear which agencies are responsible for implementing the strategy,
and also not clear how the wider public can use the document);
do not clearly delineate how the strategy builds on previous and current poverty
reduction strategies.
Current Situation with PRSP (2001-2004)
Economic issues
• Don’t consider the impact of International trade on the poor in a
comprehensive manner
• Site level sustainable community enterprises are not explicitly promoted,
• Macroeconomic policies are not pro-poor and worse, are too pro-business
Sosial Issues:
• Poverty issue do not seen as a multidimensional matter
• Do not explicitly recognize local and traditional communities’ access and
rights to natural resources
• Recognize that law enforcement is necessary but do not have a strategy to
enhance it
Environmental Issues:
• Disregard rapid loss of natural resources (deforestation rate 2.4%/yr)
• Disregard degradation of environmental quality
• Disregard loss of biodiversity
Participation Process: very week although well in paper
General Objectives
• Enhance the capacity of Indonesia to effectively integrate economic,
social and environmental considerations into planning processes in order to
promote sustainable trade, alleviate poverty and environmental
management.
• Strengthening environmental, social and economic institutional
cooperation and coordination.
• Facilitating the design of integrated policies, plans and programmes
that take into account economic, social and environmental aspects of
sustainable development.
• Contributing to the country’s commitment to achieving the goals set out in
the WSSD Plan of Implementation regarding trade as a tool for achieving
sustainable development, poverty reduction and the use of environmental
and integrated assessment as a means of encouraging relevant authorities at
all levels to take sustainable development considerations into account in
decision-making (WSSD Plan of Implementation paragraph 18).
Expected Outcomes
• Enhanced understanding between the linkages between
trade, environment and poverty alleviation.
• Enhanced national institutional and human capacities for
undertaking strategic integrated assessment and planning
for sustainable development
• Enhanced national coordination among the government
institutions involved in the project
• Enhanced capability of policy-makers to design and
implement comprehensive policies and measures for
sustainable development in central and regional govt
General Strategy:
FINAL PAPER
INPUT FOR PRSP
•Strategy
•Action Plan
BACKGROUND Documents:
•WORK PLAN
•CONCEPT PAPER: Links between Poverty, Trade and Environment (Case
Studies)
•Proceedings
Tools and Approaches
Problem Analysis: PRSP from initiation (Presidential Decree,
2001), Strategic planning and Operation planning, and proposed
monitoring (Expected completed 2004)
Power Relationship Analysis and Inter-Dept Profiles:
Understanding the roles and responsibilities and power
relationship within sectoral dept and local governments on
PRSP
Key Informant Interviews with the PRSP team previous and new
lead agencies
Stakeholder Analysis and Workshop: national, regional and
experts
Focus Group Discussions: On Environment, Social and
Economic plus possible linkages from regional to central govt
using available Natural Resource Status and Environmental
Atlas
Operational Actions
1.
2.
3.
Steering committee: provide
overall guidance for the
project incl review concept
paper, guidance on National
Workshop
Technical committee:
overseer of day to day
implementation
Writing team: implement
assessment agenda, formulate
substance and resulting
documents, provide input
toward PRSP drafting
Steering Committee: CII,
Bappenas, KLH, UNDP, Ministries
of Forestry, Trade and Industry,
Home Affairs, Labor and
Transmigration and Foreign Affairs
Technical Committee: CII
and Bappenas
Project finance and
administration: CII
Writing Team:
CII, Bappenas,
and KLH
Meetings
coordinator:
CII and
Bappenas
Stakeholder Involvement
• CII, Bappenas, KLH, UNDP, Ministries of
Forestry, Trade and Industry, Home Affair, Labor
and Transmigration and Foreign Affairs
• Environmental Groups: Government, NonGovernment, Private Sector, Academics
• Local Government, Local NGOs
• Workshops, Group Discussions, Regional Visit
• New Initiatives through UNDP
Activities and output
Activities: Writing team
periodic meetings; Steering
Committee meeting;
assessment meetings with
environmental stakeholders;
attendance at evaluation
meetings for the PRSP;
National Workshop;
workshop with UNEP Team;
participation and input into
PRSP drafting; Regional
Workshop and stock-taken
Output: Background Paper;
Input to the PRSP
Output in progress for
immediate completion:
Revised Background
Paper; Draft Concept
Paper linking trade,
poverty and the
environment; regional
assessment
Description of the Planning Process
A review of relevant past and
present work
BACKGROUND
PAPER
Overview of Existing Natural
Resources & Environment
Policies
Identification of Information
Network and Its
Institutionalized Mechanism
Identification of Relevant
Policies and Programs
Policy and Program
Review
Developing Criteria and
Guidelines for Evaluation
Condition, Issues,
and Models of
Poverty Reduction
Poverty Reduction
Strategy
Poverty Reduction
Policy/Program and
Monitoring/Evaluati
on System
Evaluation of On-going and
Executed Policies and
Programs
To obtain lesson-learned on
the link between poverty,
environment and trade
Case Study
Policy and Program
Formulation
PRSP 2004-2015
Document
Poverty Reduction Strategy
with Sust. Dev.
2004
2005
Preliminary Results
Process:
• PRSP is a moving target: started much in advance of the
SGPR and shifting focus; lack of environmental personnel;
lack of engagement of technical sector (e.g. forestry, fishery,
mining & energy, etc)
• Understanding of sustainable development principles widely
varying among stakeholders; and assessment of previous
policies and programs need to first be based on common
baseline
• IAP guidelines useful in evaluating the PRSP in a systematic
manner, however need to ensure adequate understanding of
substance and process to which IAP is applied
Preliminary Results
Substance:
• Lack of data on the correlation between ecosystem status,
social conflict and economic development; especially
difficult is to argue for ecosystem restoration programs as
part of poverty alleviation
• It is increasingly realized that environmental pro-poor
strategies need to be integrated with sectoral strategies (i.e.
in health, agriculture, housing etc) rather than stand-alone
strategies. Trade-offs need to be articulated at the sectoral
level, i.e. more resources (money, staff time, extension) for
ecosystem restoration and for shifting from extractionbased activities to measure to increase value-added
Policy Review Results
Substance of policy review regarding poverty alleviation in Indonesia:
• Reality: environmental depletion and degradation rate are high;
they are partly resulting from previous policies and programs
• Given high dependency of the Indonesian poor (rural, agriculturalbased people) on the environment poverty alleviation strategies
should not further degrade the environment and should focus on
ecosystem restoration
• Ecosystem approach to poverty targetting: coastal and marine
ecosystem, agro ecosystem, forest ecosystem
• Trade aspect is very important especially on two fronts: 1) trade
liberalization in agricultural products, 2) international demand for
natural resources as pressure for unsustainable extraction methods
(illegal logging and fishing)
• Positive linkages between trade, poverty alleviation and the
environment best demonstrated through their interaction at the site
level: case study of Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali
Interaction between different issues
• Interaction between different issues:
• macroeconomic policies should not expedite the loss of
natural resources but rather directed at conserving them
• incentives must be put to both conserve and/or
rehabilitate natural resources as well as enhance
livelihoods
• the poor’s access and rights to natural resources should
be part of poverty reduction strategies
• laws related to natural resource exploitation, especially
regarding illegal utilization, must be enforced
• international trade can be a force for optimizing income
and conserving resources if rights accrue to local
communities
Main Strategies for PRSP (2005-2015): Results from
SGPR Team Lobbies (# 5)
• Opportunity-creation. The creation of employment or
entrepreneurial opportunities for the poor.
• Community empowerment. The enhancement of community
institutions to, among others, enable the poor to access information
and participate in formal decision-making processes.
• Capacity-building. The enhancement of the ability of the poor to
be more productive through investments in health, education, and
training.
• Social protection. The creation of social insurance, social
support/assistance and social savings mechanisms and program,
and the promotion of traditional social safety nets.
Results from Team SGPR : Global Partnership for Poverty
Reduction. The strengthened global network to establishing
partnership in poverty eradication. The Indonesia PRSP also
endeavored to integrate gender, governance, decentralization,
and environmental issues into the strategy.
Some substantive priorities PRSP (2005):
Results from Stakeholders and Focus Group
• “ Rights-based Approach” Move from Min. of Welfare to
Min. of Planning
• poverty is not just a problem of inadequate income, but
also about deprivation of human dignity, of an
overwhelming sense of the lack of voice, power, and
choices. The problem of poverty is characterized by poor
health, lack of basic education and skills, insecurity,
inadequate access to land and other assets, vulnerability to
economic shocks, natural disasters, social conflicts and
other risks.
• A pro-poor stance should be promoted and adopted if
poverty alleviation strategies are to have any chance of
being successful.
Criteria and Selected regional
Governments for IAP Workshop:
• Selection Criteria: poverty incidents, geographical
balance, indicators of strong links between poverty,
environment and trade issues, and a model of
collaboration amongst traditional community, NGO,
and private sector in creating alternative incomes in
sustainable ways
• Traditional cinnamon farmers near Kerinci Seblat
National Park. There are 248 lots or 203 hectares in
Rantau Kermas village; while Renah Alai village has
66 lots encompassing 95 hectares.
• Vanilla and Coffee Farming in Dairi, North Sumatera
and Aceh (Gunung Leuser National Park)
• Ornamental Fishery in Les Village, North Bali
Lesson Learned from the Case Study: Les Village, in
North Bali
• The Fish are Back !
• rehabilitation of the coral ecosystem and a return of many fish species
previously lost;
• better quality fish that is more likely to survive transport and confinement for
longer periods, and with no damage to its skin and color;
• less time and effort to collect equal amount of fish than by squirting poison;
• the attention of international and local organizations.
– Lack of attention and support by the local government
– villagers need a certain institutional support and cooperation from
those around it, i.e. other stakeholders in the live-fish trade.
– Without the larger enabling environment—including regulatory
support perhaps in the form of a sustainable harvesting
certification system—villagers are less able to fully take advantage
of the benefits of international prices to optimize their income.
– The lack of adoption of this local model elsewhere
Lesson Learned from the Case Study: Les Village, in
North Bali
Expected Intervention from SGPR
team:
-Adoption by local parliament and local govt on the tools and mechanism as
demoistrated by local case studies
-Stimulate central government to adopt the tools and mechanism put into PRSP
document (Boxes)
-Participatory principle that was carried out should be adopted and replicated by
local govt planners
Challenges and Opportunities
• Adoption of flow and mechanism of SGPR for
PRSP by Sectoral Depts and Regional
Governments
• Keeping SGPR team for safeguarding the
PRSP programs in the most very fast changing
Govt officials
• Distribution SGPR documents to wider
stakeholders
NEXT STEPS
• Steering Committee Meeting
• National Workshop II
• Series of Discussions
• Focus Group meetings
• Final Drafting