Transcript The United Nations’ MDG Strategy

Achieving the MDGs:
Rural Development Investment Cluster
Introduction
The rural development investment cluster
includes interventions to:
 increase food production
 increase incomes, and
 ensure access to basic infrastructure services
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Water resources infrastructure and
management
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Agricultural Productivity and Rural
Income Generation- Key Points

Interventions address poverty and hunger targets

Exact interventions will depend on underlying
characteristics of poverty and hunger in the
country

To address the hunger goal, these will need to be
supplemented with interventions to address the
three types of hunger – Hidden, Chronic, and
Acute
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Agricultural ProductivityChoose Interventions

Focus on food-insecure farmers

Interventions aimed at increasing food productivity to increase
household consumption and generate marketable surplus

Interventions cover:
 Investments to increase soil health (e.g. fertilizers, manure,
agroforestry)
 Provision of improved seeds and planting material
 Investments in small scale on-farm water management for
agriculture (e.g. traditional water harvesting and conservation,
pumps, drip irrigation)
 Agriculture and irrigation extension services with a special focus
on reaching women farmers, and
 Research in agriculture
 Develop agriculture support systems, such as early warning
systems
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Rural Income GenerationChoose Interventions

Help the poor connect with markets from which
they are excluded
–
–
–
–

Farmers associations
Community and market centers
Improving transportation systems
Training and skills development
Improve the terms on which the poor transact
– Land
– Quality financial services including microfinance
– Storage facilities to reduce post harvest losses

Value-addition/agro-based processing activities
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Agricultural Productivity and
Rural Income GenerationDefine Targets
Agricultural productivity
 Taking 1990 as the baseline year, enable at least half of the
food-insecure subsistence farm households to grow enough
food to feed themselves by 2015
Rural income generation
 Taking 1990 as the baseline year, provide at least half the
food-insecure households in rural areas with access to food
storage facilities, quality financial services, value added food
processing services, off-farm employment and marketing
organizations (such as cooperatives) by 2015.
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Estimate Resource Needs
Country demographic data
Target coverage rates
Target
Population
TOTAL
NEEDS
Cost, HR, infrastructure
components for key
interventions
Needs
per beneficiary
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The Hunger Dimension- Task Force
Recommendations
Increasing
Agricultural
Productivity
Rural Income
Generation
Improving
Nutrition
Invest in Soil Health
Storage
Small scale water
management
Livestock
Improved seeds
Credit
Extension
Farmer associations
Supplementation for
vulnerable groups
Research
Market space
Diet diversification
Food for Work
Food Aid
Processing
Pregnant women,
lactating mothers and
infants (7-24 months)
School meals
Total Hunger needs
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Interventions to Improve Nutritional
Outcomes
 Direct nutritional interventions to pregnant women and
lactating mothers
 Encourage complementary feeding for infants
 School meals sourced through local production
 Reduce under-nutrition among children under 5 years
 Reduce vitamin and mineral deficiencies targeted at
vulnerable groups, through micronutrient supplementation
when needed
 Emergency relief (early warning systems, safety nets, direct
food aid)
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Water resources infrastructure and
management
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The case for transport infrastructure
and services as part of MDG strategy

Transport is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved
transport services (incl. roads, railways, and ports) are
critical to:
– Lower cost of national and international trade
– Reduce cost of agricultural inputs and raise farmgate prices
for produce
– Improve prospects for non-farm rural employment
– Improve access to urban employment
– Improve access to social services (in particular emergency
obstetric care to reduce MMR)
– Reduce time poverty – particularly of women
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Transport Choose Interventions

Transport systems for health and other essential social services
and infrastructure maintenance

Upgrading and construction of footpaths, paved secondary or
district roads as well as small paved feeder and community
roads.

Institutional structure and funding arrangements for adequate
road maintenance (such as dedicated road funds).
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Transport Possible Targets
 By 2015 establish national systems for providing and
maintaining motorbikes or other vehicles in support of
healthcare, agricultural extension, maintenance of
infrastructure, etc.
 Ensure that 90 percent of the rural population is within
2km of the nearest motorized pick-up point by 2015.
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Very preliminary roads needs
assessment
Elements of a roads needs assessment:
Transport services
• cost of setting up, operating and maintaining an
integrated fleet of vehicles to provide key social
services and infrastructure maintenance
• See Riders for Health costing model (www.riders.org)
Transport infrastructure
• carry out an inventory of existing road stock to
ascertain the need for rehabilitation and regular
maintenance
• estimate additional roads needed to meet the access
targets
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Water resources infrastructure and
management
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The case for energy infrastructure
and services as part of MDG strategy

Energy is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved
access to energy services is critical to:
– Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR)
– Improve provision of social services (e.g. lighting in schools,
refrigeration in health centers)
– Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through groundwater
pumps)
– Reduce women’s time poverty (e.g. to halve poverty and
achieve gender equity goal)
– Make energy available for manufacturing industries and
other productive uses (e.g. to halve poverty)
– Halt deforestation and other land degradation (?)
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Energy Services for the MDGs

Cooking with modern fuels

Electricity

Motive power/energy to be generated
by simple things water pumping etc
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Energy
Choose “MDG-compatible” Interventions

Distribution of efficient cooking stoves

Distribution of modern fuels

Improved ventilation, chimneys, smokehoods, etc. to reduce the
adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass

Increase sustainable biomass production (e.g. agroforestry, woodlots
or community forestry, area closures, etc.)

Off-grid systems together with necessary wiring to schools and health
facilities.

Facilitate community access to electricity and mechanical power

Facilitate the use of electricity in rural communities that are not
connected to the grid, through batteries and charging stations

Rehabilitation and extension of the electric power grid/connection
etc

Motive power infrastructure and fuels/diesel generator etc
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Energy
Possible Rural Targets

Enable the use of modern fuels and devices for 50% of
those who at present use traditional biomass for
cooking.

Support x% of the population in adopting improved
cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse health
impacts from cooking with biomass.

Ensure by 2008 that all schools and health facilities
have access to electricity.

Provide access to modern energy services at the
community level for all rural communities (in the form
of electricity and mechanical power).
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Additional Energy Interventions and Policy
Changes
Interventions:
 Large-scale electricity generation
 Tariff collection support (pre-paid metering, for example)
Policies and organization
 Tariff structure reform/subsidies to poor households
etc
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Energy
Estimate Resource Needs – Key Points

Choice among electricity technologies (esp. grid- and offgrid) should be based on low cost

Community-level interventions scale-up according to size
of rural communities

The basic needs assessment approach is well-suited to
calculating needs for ACCESS to energy services
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Energy Needs Assessment
Population & Infrastructure Data
• # of HH
• # of communities
• km of LV/MV/HV line
Coverage Targets (Access )
x
•Modern fuels for 50% of those who currently use biomass
•Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas
•Electricity and motive power for rural communities
Covered Population
Input Ratios:
• kg fuel per hh
• kWh of electricity per hh/yr
&
Cost Data
• Cooking: Cookstoves and fuel
• Electricity: ($ per km line; connection cost; $/kWh)
Total Costs
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Water supply and sanitation
4. Water resources infrastructure and
management
5. Transport
6. Energy
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Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural)Choose Interventions




Provision and operation of infrastructure for domestic
water supply
Construction and operation of sanitation facilities
including drainage systems and facilities for disposal of
sullage and wastewater
Hygiene education including awareness campaigns in
primary
schools,
through
community
based
organizations, media, and so on
Provision and operation of infrastructure for water
supply and sanitation for schools and health facilities.
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Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural)Define Targets
MDG Target 10
Taking 1990 as the baseline year:
 Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without
sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015.
 Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without
sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015, aiming
for each target village to achieve full sanitation
coverage and to end the practice of open defecation.
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Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural):
Estimating Needs - Key Points
 Define technology mix to be used each year (e.g.
boreholes vs. rainwater collection, latrines vs. septic
tanks)
 Include rehabilitation
infrastructure
of
existing
but
defective
 Include full operation and maintenance costs
 Millennium Project needs assessment tool is available
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Key Areas of Intervention
1. Agricultural productivity
2. Rural income Generation
3. Water supply and sanitation
4. Water resources infrastructure and
management
5. Transport
6. Energy
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Case for water resources management and
infrastructure as part of MDG strategy


IWRM needed to manage increasingly scarce water
resources effectively (National  Regional Local)
Water storage is required to
– Mitigate impact of run-off variability to ensure perennial
water supply
– Increase hydropower potential
– Flood protection


No country has generated sustained economic growth
without large-scale investments in water storage
Irrigation infrastructure required to
– Increase yields and strengthen potential for cash crops
– Mitigate impact of inter and intra seasonal precipitation
variability

Use of climate forecasting
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Water Resources Infrastructure &
Management - Interventions

Provision and maintenance of water storage and other
infrastructure for water management (such as watershed
management and water conservation, early warning systems,
ground and surface storage systems, etc.)

Plans, systems and institutions for integrated water resources
management, as appropriate.

Hydrological monitoring

Measures to address the social and environmental issues
associated with large-scale water management infrastructure
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Water and sanitation-illustrative
model

INSERT MODEL BUTTON HERE
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Thinking about Country Needs
 Are there costed sectoral strategies?
 What interventions/coverage/target are relevant for
your country?
 How do these investments need to be scaled up?
 How to ensure that sectoral NA work is integrated into
national planning processes?
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Thinking about Country Needs
 Who are the key stakeholders to be engaged to:
–identify interventions,
–set targets,
–provide data
–agree on unit costs, with review by technical experts
 How to ensure that targets and interventions are
monitored and evaluated periodically?
 What institutional changes, if any, are needed?
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