Transcript Ashuraa and Men of Valor

Zainul Abideen
The Fourth Imam
By A.S. Hashim. MD
Lineage
Grandfathers
Father
Ali and Yazdajird
Al-Husain
Zainul Abideen
Grandmother
Mother
Fatima Al-Zahraa
Shahr Banu
Zainul Abideen in Childhood
Mother dies shortly after childbirth
Aunt Zainab takes care of him
Has the charming looks of grandfather Ali
Grandpa Ali loves him dearly
When two yrs old grandpa Ali is
assassinated
Back to Medina
Up to 13 Yrs Old
Tutored by Al-Hasan and Al-Husain
Participated in the Discourse held at the
Masjid Al-Nabawi
Close relationship to Al-Hasan
Close to Zainab, his aunt
His capacity of learning and reasoning is
outstanding
In his Youth
At age 14, he loses Al-Hasan who died of
poisoning by Mu’awiya
Average in stature, slender, handsome,
and impressive.
Character was molded by Islam
Participates in discussions led by his father
In early adulthood
Marries Fatima, the daughter of Al-Hasan
A year after marriage a boy is born, named
Muhammad (Al-Baaqir)
The Ummah was in turmoil, since
Mu’awiya was trying to appoint Yazid as
Khalifa
For some time Mu’awiya’s agents and
collaborators were busy selling cooperation
and acceptance of Yazid to the people
Karbala with Al-Husain
Zainul Abideen, his wife, and his son
(Muhammad Al-Baaqir) joined Al-Husain to
Karbala
He witnesses the savage treatment dealt to the
family of the Prophet in Karbala
Sees his father, 5 uncles, and many relatives (17
teenagers) mercilessly cut to pieces and heads
cut off
Sees the tents burned and children screaming in
alarm and running in fright for shelter
Witnesses the nightmare of the moment while
sick in bed near fainting
In Karbala
He became gravely ill during the events of
Karbala, with fever and fainting spells
Was conferred the Imamah during the turmoil of
Karbala
Zainab addresses him as the Imam
Confronted Ibn Ziyad in Kufa, quoting the Quran
In fetters, he was taken 700 miles to Damascus
72 heads, including his father’s, were on top of
spears for the show
In Damascus
Onlookers thought them to be rebels
Face to face with Yazid answered only by
quoting the Quran, defeating Yazid
Gave a speech in Masjid Umawi on Friday
Prayer
Returned to Medina with family as per his
wishes, but the nightmarish tribulation
never left his mind
Part of his Khutba at Masjid Umawi
I am the offspring of the Lord of Mecca and
Medina,
I am the issue of the Lord of Zamzam and Safa,
I am the lineal descendant of him whose
forefather had lifted in his cloak the Black Stone,
I am the child of the one who mounted the Buraq
and gone through the regions of Heavens
I am from the progeny of the one who went up to
Sidratul Mun'taha, and whom Allah had shown
the fountainhead of the Wahy
More of the Khutba
I am the offspring of the guide from whom disbelievers
got the guidance to the straight path, I am ...................
I am the son of a person whose thread of life was
snapped by cruel fingers,
and I am the son of whose head was severed while
thirsty, and body left exposed to the burning sands of
Karbala,
I am the son whose father's death was mourned by the
Angels in Heaven, as well as humans and Jinn,
I am the son whose father's head was mounted on a
spear and taken for show from town to town
Zainul Abideen takes up seclusion.
After Karbala Zainul Abideen takes up seclusion
in the outskurts of Medina, for about one year, in
a tent
Zainab takes provisions for him every day
Only about 5 people are permitted to meet with
him
Uncle Muhammad ibn Al-Hanafiyah represents
him and acts on his behalf
Spends time in composing Du’aa, Meditating,
and Prayers
Be away from spies and secret agents
He Charts the Course for future Islamic works
Three channels:
1. To produce Islamic Scholars that ultimately would
topple Benu Umayya (Islamic scholars)
2. Means of communication to spread the teachings by
the cadre of scholars
3. Establish a transparent network to promote the cause
of Ahlul Bayt
The above are to be carried out year after year
transparently
His immediate period
Strategy consists of:
1. Crying and actively seeking people’s sympathy for AlHusain, and talk about Karbala persistently
2. Emphasizes Prayer and long Sujood
3. Persists on Du’aa, composing them and let them be
the MAP for the future works
4. Shuns Politics Completely
5. Starts Majlis for Imam Husain every year
6. Gradually educate scholars in Islam
Give refuge to Benu Umayya
Hosts Marwan's family and relatives, 400
members, free of charges.
1. Kept them for several weeks,
2. Period when Yazid’s army invaded Medina
Marwan was the nemesis and trouble maker
during Uthman’s rule
Marwan was the enemy of Ahlul Bayt, but now
he is in need of their help
Marwan fought Ali during Jamal Confrontation
Turmoil of the times
Zainul Abideen witnesses the grave consequences of
the failed Medina uprising:
1. Sahaaba killed,
2. Wives assaulted, and
3. Property pilfered
Ka’ba was attacked by Yazid to pacify Ibn Zubair
Al-Hajjaj burns the Ka’ba by throwing catapult
Yazid dies at age of 33 Years
The forces leave Mecca
During the 3 yr of Yazid Rule
Atrocities of Yazid’s Rule
1. Karbala Atrocities
2. Invades Medina
3. Attacks Ka’ba
More uprisings
Uprising of Tawwaboon against Benu
Umayya: fight unto death
Uprising of Mukhtar in Iraq: Occupy Iraq,
chase all fighters against Husain and kill
them, including Ibn Ziyad, Shimr, and Omar
ibn Sa’ad
Marwan becomes Khalifa, then dies 9
months later
It is said Marwan was killed by his wife by
either poisoning or by way of choking
Tough times
Al-Hajjaj (who attacked the Ka’ba to subdue
Ibn Zubair), becomes governor of Iraq,
Tyrannical rule in Iraq for 20 years. The new
dictator’s cruelty knows no limits
Abdul Malik (son of Marwan) is Khalifa in
Syria
Zainul Abideen works diligently to focus on
Piety as the basis for society.
The Islamic Institute
Steady growth of the Islamic Institute over
27 years’ period
Diligent work in tutoring of scholars.
Growth steady but fast growing
Al-Baaqir, and grandson Al-Saadiq
participate in the Discourses and
Discussions
Al the end, 160 Scholars graduate
They teach and discuss
Tafseer,
Hadith,
Ah'kaam, and
Jurisprudence
He wrote Al-Saheefa Al-Sajjadiyah
He wrote Risalah al-Huquq (Personal
Rights versus Personal Obligations in our
life)
The three phases of Islam
1. Muhammad
3. Rest of Imams
2. Ali, Hasan &
Husain
The 1st of 3 Phases of Islam
PHASE
FIRST
PHASE
CARRIED OUT BY:
Muhammad
(pbuh)
TASKS CONSISTING OF:
Emphasis was on teaching
Islam in depth, especially to
the Sahaaba (Companions),
and making Islam available
to the maximum number of
people—yet, bearing in mind
that it would take an average
person a long time to
assimilate Islam. Therefore,
Muhammad (pbuh) did not
fight the hypocrites.
The 2nd of 3 Phases of Islam
PHASE
SECOND
PHASE
CARRIED OUT BY:
Ali, Al-Hasan,
and Al-Husain
TASKS
CONSISTING OF:
They were the 3 who were
to confront the negative
forces caused by Islamicly
weak persons which
threatened to undermine
Islam: Be it during Ali's
Khilaafah, Al-Hasan's
acceptance of peaceful
terms, or the events leading
to the explosive but
anticipated Karbala as led
by Al-Husain.
The 3rd of 3 Phases of Islam
PHASE
THIRD
PHASE
CARRIED OUT BY:
Zainul
Abideen and
the Imams
after him.
TASKS CONSISTING OF:
Zainul Abideen took on his
shoulders the heavy task of
teaching the scholars (the
educational endeavor) once
the confrontational phase was
over. This culminated by
establishing the Islamic
Institute (Institute of Ahlul
Bayt). The main source of
information was the Corpus of
Knowledge Imam Ali left. The
Institute was to expand and
flourish by later Imams.
Corpus of Knowledge
Ali’s writings during:
Abu Bakr,
Omar, and
Uthman’s Khilaafah:
Corpus of Knowledge
consists of the
following:
1. Quran in chorological
2.
3.
4.
5.
order
Tafseer (Mus’haf Fatima)
Hadith (Saheefa of Ali)
Ah’kaam
Al-Jafr
a. White Jafr: Prophets and
early times
b. Red Jafr: Rules of war in
Islam
The Imamah.
Imamah is not subject to election or
negotiation. It is a designation (a Directive)
by the Almighty.
An Imam is Ma'soom, meaning
safeguarded by Allah from:
a) religious error,
b) sin, and
c) forgetfulness.
To Keep Karbala in Mind I
1.Imam Zainul Abideen urged the people to visit
the site of Karbala. Thus people confirmed their
resolve in the Islamic principles Imam Al-Husain
stood for.
2.He encouraged Muslims to observe the
anniversary of Karbala every year.
3.This led to Majlis every year done at the time in
confidential manner, in private houses
4.He used to visit the burial area of Imam
Al-Husain every year.
5.He would visit Karbala un-announced, often
unnoticed.
To Keep Karbala in Mind II
He recommended that in Sujood to touch a
clean Turbah. This was recommended so
that a person's highest part of Salat
(Sujood) be associated with the principles
Imam Al-Husain gave his life for, meaning
authentic Islam.
He used a logo: May the Killer of
Al-Husain Ibn Ali be Debased and Defiled.
The Logo became popular
Emphasis
Imamah was frequently explained and emphasized, and
Ismah (as attested by Ayah of Tat'heer) was often
emphasized, (Surah 33 : Ayah 33) and
The unique and Center Role of Ahlul Bayt in Islam was
often explained.
Work to produce high quality scholars,
1. who were to teach others about true Islam,
2. thus spread the word about the motive and the principles which
Imam Al-Husain had given his life for, and
3. at the same time expose the offenses of Benu Umayya.
The Institute graduates more than 160 scholars.
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
At First
Early Stage
Middle Stage
Last Stage
Renowned Students
Al-Baaqir and his brother Zayd also
participated in the discourses,
Well known students were:
Hasan Al-Basri
Al-Thamali
Al-Zuhri
Ibn Tawoos, and
many other erudite scholars
Character
Zainul Abideen was very forgiving and generous.
During Ramadhan, he would record whatever
misdemeanor his servants did, then let them
acknowledge, then give them their freedom
He used to buy as many slaves as he could
afford, educate them then set them free
He was revered in the community since he was
the Imam of the Ummah
Character
Zainul Abideen had empathy for the poor and
needy
He used to carry sacs of flour to distribute to the
poor
During Ramadhan he would cook one sheep
each day for distribution to the fasting needy
He had a very melodic voice, people loved
hearing him read the Quran
Zainul Abideen never wore his clothes for more
than one season, then gave them to the poor
Financially he helped numerous needy people
Sample Du’aa: Imploring protection from evil
Dear Lord, I implore Thy protection from:
· Extremes in greed,
· Being hasty in anger,
· Being dominated by envy,
· Lacking of patience,
· Being with scarcity of contentment,
· Being with depravity of morals,
· Being beseeched by passion,
· An indulgence of zeal,
· The submitting to desires, and
· Opposing what is right.....
Munajaat: Tender Prayers
My Lord!
Thy bounty which Thou hast begun--complete it!
Thy generosity which Thou hast given me--strip it not away!
Thy cover over me through Thy clemency--tear it not away!
My misdeeds which Thou hast come to know--forgive them!
My Lord!
I seek intercession from Thee with Thee, and
I seek sanctuary in Thee from Thee!
I have come to Thee craving Thy beneficence, desiring Thy kindness,
So act toward me with forgiveness and mercy of which Thou art worthy!
Act not toward me with chastisement and vengeance of which I am
worthy!
By Thy mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful!
EPISTLE OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
Zainul Abideen delineated the basic rights, mostly from Shari'ah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Allah's rights on man, covering a wide range of
prerogatives.
Rights of body and soul,
Rights of family members,
Rights of those superior to the person or dependant
on him,
Rights of neighbors and friends, not excluding the
non-Muslims.
EPISTLE OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS:
Rights of the wife:
• It is the right of your wife that you should know that Allah
has made her for you a repose and comfort, and a friend
and shield [against sin].
• And likewise, it is incumbent upon both of you to thank
Allah for your spouse and to know that the spouse is a grace
of Allah upon you. You are obliged
· to respect her,
· be kind to her, and
· although your rights upon her are greater and her
obedience to you final in all your likes and dislikes so long as
it is not a sin
• So, she has the right of love and fellowship, and an abode
so that natural desires may be fulfilled, and in this it is a
great duty.
Zainul Abideen dies
Zainul Abideen dies at age of 57, reportedly poisoned.
Had calloused skin at place of Sujood (forehead)
Thick skin in his back due to carrying sacs of flour at
night to distribute to the poor
Became pale with curved back due to incessant prayers
Had the roughest experience: be it in Karbala, political
times, and other circumstances
His load was enormously heavy and psychologically
taxing
Burial
Zainul Abideen was buried at the Baqii’
He and others knew the ruling Benu
Umayya would not allow the burial
otherwise
With time, a structure was built for people
to perform visitation, pray, and read Du’aa
The structure was demolished by Rulers in
1925
Picture of Al-Baqii 1925
Al-Baqii after it was destroyed
Al-Baqii before 1925
‫‪Ziyarah of Al-Sajjad in Baqi’i‬‬
‫ال َّسالَ ُم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم أَ ِئ َّم َة ْالهُدَ ى ال َّسالَ ُم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم أَهْ َل ال َّت ْق َوى‬
‫ال َّسالَ ُم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم أَ ُّي َها ْالح َُج ُج َعلَى أَهْ ِل ال ُّد ْن َيا ال َّسالَ ُم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم أَ ُّي َها‬
‫ْالقُوَّ ا ُم ِفي ْال َب ِر َّي ِة ِب ْال ِقسْ ِط‬
‫ّللا ال َّسالَ ُم‬
‫ال َّسالَ ُم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم أَهْ َل ال َّ‬
‫ُول َّ ِ‬
‫ص ْف َو ِة ال َّسالَ ُم َعلَ ْي ُك ْم آ َل َرس ِ‬
‫َعلَ ْي ُك ْم أَهْ َل ال َّنجْ َوى‬
‫ّللا َو ُك ِّذ ْب ُت ْم‬
‫ص َبرْ ُت ْم ِفي َذا ِ‬
‫ت َّ ِ‬
‫صحْ ُت ْم َو َ‬
‫أَ ْش َه ُد أَ َّن ُك ْم َق ْد َبلَّ ْغ ُت ْم َو َن َ‬
‫َوأ ُ ِسي َء إِلَ ْي ُك ْم َف َغ َفرْ ُت ْم‬
‫ُوض ٌة‬
‫َوأَ ْش َه ُد أَ َّن ُك ُم ْاْلَ ِئ َّم ُة الرَّ ِ‬
‫اع َت ُك ْم َم ْفر َ‬
‫ون َوأَنَّ َط َ‬
‫ون ْال ُم ْه َت ُد َ‬
‫اش ُد َ‬
‫َوأَنَّ َق ْولَ ُك ُم الص ِّْد ُق‬
‫َوأَ َّن ُك ْم دَ َع ْو ُت ْم َفلَ ْم ُت َجابُوا َوأَ َمرْ ُت ْم َفلَ ْم ُت َطاعُوا‬
Ziyarah of Al-Sajjad in Baqi’i
Peace be upon you O Leaders of Guidance; Peace be upon you O
Masters of Piety,
Peace be upon you O Proofs of Allah on the people of the earth;
Peace be upon you who were Steadfast in dealing with justice.
Peace be upon you O people of the Chosen One.
Peace be upon you the Family of the Prophet of Allah,
Peace be upon you O people whose souls converse to the Almighty,
I bear witness that you had Proclaimed and Advised and had
Persevered for the sake of Allah
And that you were belied and mistreated, yet you forgave
And I bear witness that you are the rightly guided leaders; and that
obedience to you is incumbent and that your speech is correct and you
had invited to the Truth but were not answered and you commanded
but were not followed……
Be in Allah’s Care
Thank you and May God Bless you.
Dr. A.S. Hashim