Transcript Figure 1

Chapter 10
Reading the Urban Landscape:
Census Data and Field Observation
Activity 1: Census Tract Data
Activity 2: Field Survey
Learning Outcomes
After completing the chapter, you will be able to:
 Use electronic data from the 2000 Census of
Population and Housing.
 See a small geographic area within the larger
urban context.
 Structure and sharpen field observation skills.
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Definitions of Key Terms
• Central Business District:
The downtown or nucleus of the
urban area. It has the peak value intersection, the densest land use, the
tallest buildings, and traditionally was the urban area=s major
concentration of retail, office, and cultural activity.
• Census Tract:
An areal unit defined and used by the Bureau
of the Census for presentation of data. Census tracts incorporate
roughly 4,000 people, but considerable variation occurs.
• Concentric Ring Model:
A model that explains urban land use
in a pattern of concentric rings around the city center.
• Edge Cities: Suburban nodes of employment and economic activity
featuring high-rise office space, corporate headquarters, shopping,
entertainment, and hotels. Their physical layout is designed for
automobile, not pedestrian, travel.
• Gentrification:
The upgrading of inner-city neighborhoods and
their resettlement by upwardly mobile professionals.
• Invasion and Succession:
When new immigrants to a city move
into older housing near the city center and push earlier groups outward.
• Modernism: As a worldview or philosophy, it is the belief in the
preeminence of scientific rationality and the inevitability of human
progress. As an architectural and urban planning movement, it
emphasized function over form and universal models.
• Multiple Nuclei Model:
A model that explains urban land use
as organized around several separate nuclei.
• Postmodernism:
As a worldview or philosophy, it rejects the
notion that there are any universal models for how the world functions
and what is best, and denies that any perspective, style, or subgroup
has a monopoly on truth or beauty. As an architectural and urban
planning movement, it emphasizes context, aesthetics, and mixing of
land uses.
• Sector Model:
A model that explains urban land use in pieshaped sectors radiating outward from the city center.
• Slums:
Older, run-down inner-city neighborhoods populated by
poor and disadvantaged populations.
• Suburbanization:
The process whereby growth in population and
economic activity has been most intense at the fringes of urbanized
areas.
• Urban Realm:
Suburban regions functionally tied to a mixeduse “suburban downtown” with relative independence from the CBD.
• Urban Underclass: The disadvantaged population of inner-city
slums that are persistently poor, plagued by a variety of social ills, and
concentrated in neighborhoods where a majority of their neighbors are
also persistently poor.