Transcript POPs waste disposal under the Stockholm Convention

POPs waste disposal under the
Stockholm Convention
Key elements
David Piper
Task Manager (POPs enabling activities)
UNEP DGEF
Convention provisions relating to
wastes
• Article 3 measures to reduce/eliminate
releases from intentional production and
use
• Article 5 measures to reduce/eliminate
releases from unintentional production
• Article 6 measures to reduce/eliminate
releases from stockpiles and wastes
Article 3:
Measures to reduce or eliminate releases
from intentional production and use
Restricts trade of POPs chemicals to:
• purposes/uses permitted under registered
specific exemptions/acceptable purpose
• environmentally sound disposal
– (paragraph 1d of Art 6)
Article 5 & Annex C:
Measures to reduce or eliminate releases
from unintentional production
Preventing POPs waste arising
• Develop action plans
• Promote
– available, feasible and practical measures to achieve
realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction
or source elimination
– substitute products and processes
– the use of BAT/BEP
• BAT required for new Part II sources 4 years after entry into force
Reducing releases
“…promote available, feasible, practical measures…”
• Improved waste
management
• Treatment of residuals
and wastes
• Improved flue-gas
cleaning
• Low-waste technologies
• Recovery and recycling
of wastes
• Good housekeeping
• Improved product quality
• Avoiding use & generation
of elemental Cl
• Less hazardous raw
materials
• Process changes – e.g. closed
systems
• Process modification – e.g.
to improve combustion
Waste-related source categories
Annex C Part II
• Waste incinerators, including co-incineration of
municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage
sludge
• Cement kilns firing hazardous waste
• Secondary copper, aluminium and zinc production
Annex C Part III
–
–
–
–
–
Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites
Crematoria and destruction of animal carcasses
Shredder plants for treatment of vehicles
Smouldering of copper cables
Waste oil refineries
Article 6:
Measures to reduce or eliminate releases
from stockpiles and wastes
•
•
•
•
Stockpiles
Wastes
Contaminated sites
Linkage to Basel Convention
Stockpiles
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (b), (c)
• Develop strategies to identify POPs
stockpiles, & products in use
• Identify POPs stockpiles & products in use
• Manage POPs stockpiles in an
environmentally sound manner
Wastes
(& products and articles upon becoming wastes)
No identify here but
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (d)
implied in the next
• Develop strategies to identify POPs wastes
point
• Handle, collect, transport & store wastes in an environmentally sound
manner
• Dispose
– so that POPs content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed
– In an environmentally sound manner if destruction not preferred
– in a way that does not lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation, or reuse of
POPs
• Transport POPs wastes across international boundaries according to
international rules
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (e); Contaminated sites
• Develop strategies to identify contaminated sites
– (and ensure that remediation is performed in environmentally sound
manner)
Art 5
Municipal,
industrial or
hazardous wastes
Is the
content of the waste
arising known?
Yes
Yes
Wastes consisting of,
containing or contaminated
with POPs
Conduct
analyses &
report
No
Does the waste
Include products or articles
consisting of, containing or
contaminated with
POPs?
Dispose as appropriate for waste, noting
obligations under Article 5 & Annex C re
unintentional production of POPs byproducts
No
Are sources
of POPs wastes
known?
Identify sources of wastes & seek to
minimize or eliminate, then …
No
Yes
Are POPs wastes
separated?
No
Develop strategy, allowing waste separation
& appropriate management compatible with
Article 6.1.a,d, then…
Yes
POPs
waste
Are wastes
To be exported?
No
Yes
Export of
POPs waste for
environmentally
sound disposal ?
Yes
No
1.Prepare management plans to such that wastes are
handled, collected, transported and stored in an
environmentally sound manner
2. Dispose of wastes so that POPs content is destroyed or
irreversibly transformed
Or dispose in ESM where destruction is
a)
Not environmentally preferred, or
b)
POPs content is low
(Article 6.1.a,d) Note obligations under Article 5 & Annex C
Prepare management plans compatible with
international rules, standards & guidelines
Prohibit unacceptable trade
Paragraph 2 of Article 6
• Stockholm COPs to cooperate closely
with Basel COP to:
– Establish levels of destruction and
irreversible transformation to ensure that
POPs characteristics are not exhibited
– Determine what methods constitute
environmentally sound disposal
– Define “low POPs content” for purposes of
environmentally sound disposal
Waste guidelines
– Developed through Basel OEWG subgroup
– Adopted by Basel Convention COP October 2004
Stockholm Convention Secretariat is requested:
• to prepare a report on such guidelines relating to POPs
as may be adopted by the CoP to the Basel Convention,
• analyse the implications of those guidelines for the
Stockholm Convention
• indicate elements that might be considered suitable for
adoption under paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the
Stockholm Convention.
PCBs – Annex A Part II
• Cease production of new
PCBs immediately
– New PCB = waste
• Eliminate use of in-place
PCB equipment by 2025
• Achieve environmentally
sound disposal of PCB
wastes as soon as possible
and not later than 2028
PCB objectives
• Ensuring that PCBs in use remain in
responsible hands
• Orderly removal from use
– an integral part of business planning &
capital investment
– Government an important owner of PCBs
• Environmentally sound destruction
• Prevention of further contamination
PCBs
Decision tree: PCBs
Party possess ……
..equipment
contaminated
with PCBs
..obsolete equipment
contaminated
with PCBs?
..PCB liquids and
liquids contaminated
with PCBs
1. Classify as waste
2. Make determined efforts designed to
lead to environmentally sound waste
management of liquids contaminated
with PCBs having a PCB content above
50 ppm as soon as possible but no later
than 2028
3. Provide a report every five years on
progress in eliminating PCBs and
submit it to the CoP
Go to decision tree 11
(equipment and
obsolete equipment
contaminated with
PCBs)
Go to
decision tree
8 (wastes)
..other materials
contaminated
with PCBs
1. Manage these materials in accordance
with paragraph 1 of Article 6
2. In lieu of note (ii) in Part I of Annex A,
endeavour to identify other articles
containing more than 0.005 % PCBs (e.g.
cable-sheaths, cured caulk and painted
objects)
3. Provide a report every five years on
progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it
to the CoP
Go to decision tree 5
(Stocks of POPs)
Party possesses
equipment contaminated
with PCBs
PCB Equipment and offline or
decommissioned equipment contaminated
with PCBs
Except for maintenance and servicing operations,
not allow recovery for the purpose of reuse in other
equipment of liquids with PCBs content above
0.005 %
Note: Any PCB-containing
equipment imported after
becoming Party to the Convention
has to be defined as waste
Does the
Party use equipment
contaminated
with
PCBs?
No
Is the
PCB-contaminated
equipment decommissioned?
1. Define as waste
2. Make determined efforts designed to lead
to environmentally sound waste
management of equipment contaminated
with PCBs having a PCB content above 50
ppm as soon as possible but no later than
2028
3. Provide a report every five years on
progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it
to the Conference of the Parties
No
Yes
is the equipment
maintained for reuse?
Go to decision tree 12
(use of PCB
equipment)
No
Go to decision tree 8
(wastes)
Party possess
decommissioned or offline
equipment contaminated
with PCBs
Use of equipment
contaminated
with PCBs
Use of equipment contaminated
with PCBs
1st priority
Does
equipment in use
contain greater than 10 % PCBs
and volumes greater
than 5 litres?
Reanalyze and
reclassify PCBcontaining equipment
No
Make determined efforts to identify,
label and remove from use by 2025,
then….
Yes
From decision
tree 13
2nd priority
Does
equipment in use
contain greater than 0.05 % PCBs
and volumes greater
than 5 litres?
Yes
Make determined efforts to identify,
label and remove from use by 2025,
then…
From decision
tree 13
No
3rd priority
Does
equipment in use
contain greater than 0.005 % PCBs
and volumes greater
than 0.05 litres?
Yes
Endeavour to identify and remove
from use by 2025, then…
Go to decision tree 13
No
No
Does the
analysis of equipment in
use show a PCB content less
than 0.005 %
?
Yes
Regarded as PCB-free under the SC
Priorities related to volume and concentration of PCBs
Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs
Take measure to improve
condition of the equipment
or decommission
From decision
tree 12
Is the equipment
intact and non-leaking?
No
Yes
Is the equipment
used in areas where the risk
from environmental release can be
minimised and quickly
remedied ?
Is
the equipment
used in areas associated with
the production or processing
of food and
feed ?
Yes
Take measure to remove
from use
Yes
Take measure to reduce
risk of environmental
release and assure that
releases can be quickly
remedied
No
No
Yes
Is
the equipment used
in populated areas, including
schools and
hospitals?
Take all reasonable measures
to protect from electrical failure
which could result in a fire, and
regular inspection of
equipment for leaks
No
and
Provide a report every five years on
progress in eliminating PCBs and
submit it to the Conference of the
Parties
Go back to decision
tree 12 to next
lower priority
Priorities related to risk posed by equipment
PCB
equipment
maintenance
Unserviceable?
Maintenance, refilling etc
Incineration/
co-incineration
unserviceable
equipment
Servicing wastes
PCB oils
draining/
solvent washing
contaminated
mineral oils
+ solvents
Dismantling, shredding
‘opening’ + solvent wash
Soils, sediments,
rubble etc.
thermal desorption
contaminated
wood, paper,
clothing,
cables etc
other
Decontaminated
soil, rubble
Extraction, pretreatment technologies
Transfer (drums/bulk)
Decontaminated
metals for recycling
Release
monitoring
Release to air, water,
landfill
Release to hazardous
waste site
Chemical reduction
process
Other
Destruction
technologies
Release
monitoring
POPs?
 YES
YES 
No
Air, liquid & solid waste
treatment technologies
Other oxidising process
If ‘extraction’ and
destruction on same
site, transfer may be
direct, otherwise
drummed & shipped
according to Basel
requirements
Thank You
David Piper
Task Manager (POPs enabling activities)
UNEP DGEF
[email protected]
Industrial waste systems
Municipalities & contractors
Re-use & recycling
Waste minimisation,
IPPC, BAT
Production
Industry
Separated Waste
Hazardous
Treatment
Inert
Landfill
Governments +
Incineration
Storage
Special landfill
Municipal solid waste systems
Home composting Individuals
Source
separation
Waste
Re-use & recycling
Composting
Delivery
Incineration
Separate
collection
Mixed collection
Governments +
Returns to
industry
Sorting
Treatment
Municipalities & contractors
Compaction,
transfer
Landfill