Transcript Slide 1

Global Climate Change Alliance:
Intra-ACP Programme
Training Module
Mainstreaming Climate Change
Module 10 –
Enhanced participation of communities
Ms Isabelle Mamaty
Senior Expert
Climate Support Facility
An initiative of the ACP Group of States funded by the European Union
Enhanced participation of
communities
 Learning objective:
o To understand the need to put communities first in designing
appropriate climate change responses
o To understand the need to integrate local knowledge on climate
change in development planning
 Expected outcomes:
o Raising awareness on the recognition and respect of the
vulnerability at community level to the impacts of climate
change
o Raising awareness on the use of lessons and experiences at
the local level to feed into higher levels of decision making
2
Why should communities
be involved?
 Climate change impacts occur locally and affect local
livelihoods activities
 Vulnerability and adaptive capacity are context - specific
and local
 Climate change actions are best observed at local levels
 Communities are an important repository of experiences
and lessons learned (traditional knowledge)
 Communities may help building climate change strategies
to support poverty (via top-down and bottom-up
approaches)*
3
Challenges facing the
participation of communities
 Lack of awareness of the government at
local and national levels
 Lack of information at local level
 Limited capacity (financial and human) of
local authorities
 Structural and Institutional constraints e.g
Land issue
4
Channels of engagement of
communities (1)
 Government should increase participation of
communities in decision making processes though:
o Local government
o Civil society
o Private sector
 Both top-down and bottom-up approaches should be
encouraged: communities should benefit from and
shape decision making on climate change at national
level
5
Channels of engagement of
communities (1)
 Local governments can help communities understand and
reduce climate risks through:
o Political representation: make sure that communities socio-economic
and environmental priorities are taken into account in regional and
national decision making and policies
o Strategic development planning: Ensure participation of communities for
strategic development planning processes for infrastructure, housing,
land use and allocation, and regulation of natural resources
o Delivery of public service: e.g. infrastructure and technology selected
with a climate lens
o Raising and managing local revenue: in case of higher decentralisation
in the country
…. But generally they are facing financial constraints that
make the prioritisation of development objectives and
activities difficult.
6
Channels of engagement of
communities (2)
 Civil society is effective intermediary between government
and the communities through:
o Advocacy: ensure that needs and preoccupations of communities are
taken into account in development policies and processes at local and national
levels
o Awareness raising: e.g..( new) measures
that seek to reduce
climate-related risks
o Research: collect of analysis of information on risk , vulnerability,
adaptive capacity and monitoring and evaluation at community level
o Capacity building and training: e.g. new skills may be needed
to develop Climate change strategies
o Service delivery: health care, water and sanitation, disaster
risk reduction
7
Channels of engagement of
communities (2)
 Private sector may support communities
through:
o Provision of economic opportunities and growth:
job creation, better incomes
o Service delivery: health, water ..
o Political influence: local and national levels
o Provision of financial, technical and human
resources: access to innovations and technologies: e.g. water
conservation; more resilient buildings…)
o Public – private partnerships
8
Elements for successful
participation
Effective engagement with the community depends on:
 clarity of the objectives and goals;
 understanding of how the engagement fits in with official
processes;
 collect and communicate accessible, reliable information
about climate change trends, impacts and actions:
awareness-raising and targeted messaging on climate change
 respect and promote local knowledge and ownership;
 skill development and capacity building;
 build relationships based on mutual trust and respect:
participatory approaches e.g. participatory budgeting
 feedback to the community and flexibility in the approach.
9
Gathering and using
appropriate information (1)
 Scientific information should be translated into
information relevant to the target group
 Knowledge about past climate risks and coping
strategies is embedded in local traditions, histories
and practices and should be understood as a basis
for action
 local knowledge should be gathered though
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, stories,
evidence, experienced trends; etc…
10
Gathering and using
appropriate information (2)
 Different categories of tools exist :
o Process guidance tools that guide users through
the identification, gathering, and analysis of relevant
data and information
o Data and information provision tools that generate
or present data and information
o Knowledge-sharing tools: platforms and networks
that offer adaptation practitioners a virtual space for
information and experiences related to climate
risk and adaptation
11
Tools for gathering and organising
information at the community level (1)
Information for adaptation
Examples of tools for gathering and organising information
Climate-specific tools
Climate forecasts, predictions and
projections
Scientific/quantitative : daily
weather forecasts; seasonal
weather forecasts;
cyclone/hurricane monitoring;
regional climate models and
global circulation models
Indigenous/qualitative: traditional
knowledge
Natural hazards and
environmental assessments
Scientific/quantitative : wind,
rainfall and temperature data
(historic and current)
Indigenous/qualitative: traditional
knowledge
12
Generic tools
Scientific/quantitative: geological
hazard maps; hydrological maps;
local rainfall and flood level
records
Qualitative: participatory local
hazard maps; time lines
Tools for gathering and organising
information at the community level (2)
Information for adaptation
Examples of tools for gathering and organising information
Climate-specific tools
Generic tools
Vulnerability and capacity
assessments
Capacities and vulnerability
analysis; IFRC vulnerability and
capacity assessment; CARE
international climate
vulnerability and capacity
assessment framework
Livelihood analysis
CRiSTAL (community-based
risk screening tool-adaptation
and livelihoods)
Participatory rural appraisal
tools: stories and oral
histories; household surveys;
transect walks; wealth and
well-being ranking; semistructured interviews and
focus groups; time-lines;
seasonal calendars; problem
trees ad flow charts; Venn
diagrams
Local coping and adaptation
strategies
13
Turning words into action
14
Discussion
 Questions and answers
 Participation of communities
What are the opportunities for enhancing
participation of communities in mainstreaming
climate change process in your sector or at your
level and what are the institutional and
capacity needs in your organisation to do so?
15
Presentation of case
studies
 Presentation of case studies and best
practices on the participation of communities
16
Recap – Key messages
 In order to enhance participation of communities there is a
need to:
o analyse their problems, needs and interests in relation to
national development priorities
o gather, use and provide appropriate information
o develop through top down and bottom approaches,
strategies that will reduce their exposure to climate
hazards and/or increase capacity to cope with their
impacts while responding to their development needs
o Development of these strategies should be through local
governments, civil society and private sector channels
17
Key references






Conde C., K. Lonsdale, A. Nyong and I. Aguilar, 2005a. Engaging
stakeholders in the adaptation process. In: Adaptation policy frameworks
for climate change: Developing strategies, policies and measures. (B. Lim
and E. Spanger-Siegfried, Eds.) Cambridge University Press, UK, 49-60.
OECD (2009) Integrating climate Change Adaptation into Development
Co-operation-policy guidance
UNDP (2011) Practitioner’s Guide: Capacity
Development for Environmental Sustainability. United Nations
Development Programme, New York
UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change into
Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP PovertyEnvironment Initiative
UNDP – Integrating environment into development:
http://www.undp.org/mainstreaming/
USAID (2007) – Adapting climate change – Guidance Manual
18
• Thank you
• Contact: Dr. Pendo MARO, ACP Secretariat
[email protected] or +32 495 281 494
www.gcca.eu/intra-acp