Transcript Heat Illness and Fluid Replacement

Heat Illness and
Fluid
Replacement
Guidelines
Drinks to question
• French ban
on Red Bull
(drink) upheld
by European
Court
• 08 Feb 2004
Nutrition Supplements
• Many of the supplements may contain
stimulants, such as ma huang caffeine,
amino acids .
• These substances can cause
dehydration to the body and increase
metabolism and heat.
• These are of concern in people with
underline medical problems such as high
blood pressure, asthma, and thyroid
dysfunction.
Introduction
• During exercise, evaporation is
usually the primary mechanism of
heat dissipation
• The evaporation of sweat from the
skin’s surface assists the body in
regulating core temperature.
Introduction
• A side effect of
sweating is the
loss of
valuable fluids
from the
FINITE
reservoir within
the body.
Factors to the rate is related to:
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Exercise intensity
Individual differences
Environmental conditions ( hot day)
Acclimatization state
Clothing
Baseline hydration status
What is Dehydration?
• Athletes who
sweat loss
exceeds fluid
intake become
dehydrated
during activity.
Differences in time to
Dehydration
• A person with high sweat rate who
undertakes intense exercise in hot humid
environment can rapidly become
dehydrated.
• So a person with a low sweat rate who
undertakes intense exercise in hot humid
environment will not become dehydrated
as fast.
Percentage rates of
Dehydration
• With a dehydration of 1% to 2% of body
weight can compromise function and
reduce performance.
• Dehydration of greater than 3% of body
weight disturbs physiologic function and
increases the athletes risk of developing
an exertion heat illness.
• (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat
stroke)
Prevention
• The onset of significant dehydration is
preventable!
• Today’s talk will give you the tools to
prevent heat illness and provide proper
fluid replacement for athletes.
How do they occur?
• When the temperature is too hot or when
there is too much humidity, sweating may
no longer cool the body enough to keep
the athletes temperature from rising to
dangerous levels.
• . If their temperature goes above 104°F,
the body can lose the ability to cool itself.
How do they occur?
Overdressing
overeating
dehydration
drinking too much caffine can also contribute
to becoming overheated.
What are the symptoms?
• As the body gets hotter and is unable to cool
down, symptoms progress .
• First, they may become dehydrated and get heat
cramps.
• If not treated, their symptoms could become
more severe and they could eventually develop
a more serious problem, such as heat
exhaustion or heatstroke.
What are the symptoms?
• Heat cramps: Symptoms of heat cramps
include muscle pains or spasms (most
commonly in the abdominal, arm, or leg
muscles).
What are the symptoms?
• Heat exhaustion: Symptoms of heat exhaustion
include:
• dizziness
• weakness
• nausea or vomiting
• muscle aches
• headaches
• increased sweating.
What are the symptoms?
• Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition
in which the body temperature rises
rapidly to 104°F (40°C) or higher and the
body's heat-regulating mechanism breaks
down. Heatstroke may cause damage to
the kidneys, heart, lungs, muscles, liver,
intestines, and brain.
What are the symptoms?
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Symptoms of heatstroke:
no sweating
confusion and disorientation
erratic behavior
agitation
seizures
coma
• injury to body organs.
How are they treated?
• Heat cramps: Heat cramps are treated by
drinking a lot of fluids, massaging the
cramped area, and stretching the
cramping muscles. Heat cramps may
improve more rapidly if you drink a sports
drink that contains salt and other
electrolytes, rather than water.
Heat exhaustion: The first aid
procedures for heat exhaustion
are
• Stop exercising or any
activity.
• Lie down and rest in a
shady or cool place.
• Loosen their clothing
take off pads
• Drink plenty of cool
non-caffine fluids, such
as water, clear juice or
a sports drink (do NOT
give iced drinks ).
• If they cannot sip fluids,
you probably need
intravenous fluids in a
first aid station or a
hospital.
• Cool their body with a
fan, spray, or
washcloth, or sit in a
cool bath.
• Seek medical attention
if the symptoms get
worse or last longer.
Heatstroke: Emergency medical treatment
is necessary for heatstroke
• . If you think someone
has heatstroke, call 911
or a doctor
immediately.
• Follow the treatment
for heat exhaustion
until medical help
arrives
• A person with
heatstroke needs to be
brought to a hospital
for further treatment
and checked for organ
damage
How can We prevent heat illness?
• It is very important
to drink lots of
fluids and avoid
dehydration
• Thirst or the lack of
it is not an accurate
indication of
dehydration.
Hydration
• If the athlete is sick they have no business
practicing or playing with fever.
• Pickle juice= sick= not smart.
Hydration: Fluid Guidelines
• Before Exercise
– 2-3 hours before exercise drink 17-20 oz of
water or sports drink.
– 10-20 min. before exercise drink another 7-10
oz of water or sports drink.
Hydration: Fluid Guidelines
• During Exercise
– Drink early-even minimal dehydration compromises
performance.
– In general, every 10-20 min. drink at least 7-10 oz of
water or sports drink.
– To maintain hydration, remind your athletes to drink
beyond their thirst. Optimally, drink fluids based on
amount of sweat and urine loss.
Hydration: Fluid Guidelines
• After Exercise
– Within 2 hours drink enough to replace any
weight loss from exercise.
– Drink approximately 20 -24 oz of a sports
drink per pound of weight loss.
Hydration: Tips
• Drink according to a schedule based on
individual fluid needs. By the time the athlete
becomes thirsty, they’re already dehydrated.
• Drink before, during and after practices and
games( follow the fluid guidelines listed
previously)
• Avoid soft drinks and juice during play. The high
carbs may cause stomach problems.
What not to Drink During
Exercise
• Fruit Juices, carbohydrate gels, sodas
and sports drinks that have CHO levels
greater than 8% are NOT recommended
during exercise as a sole beverage.
• 8% CHO is a warning sign. Replacing
fluids with a beverage that is less than 8%
carbohydrate would be optimal to assure
the fastest rate of fluid absorption.
What not to Drink
During Exercise
• Beverages containing
caffeine , and carbonation
are discouraged during
activity because they can
dehydrate the body by
stimulating excess urine
production or decrease
voluntary fluid intake.
What to Drink During Exercise
• Athletes benefit in many situations from
drinking a sports drink containing
carbohydrate.
• If exercise lasts more than 45-50 minutes
or is intense, a sports drink should be
provided during the session.
What to Drink During Exercise
• The carbohydrate concentration in the
idea fluid replacement solution should be
in the range of 6% to 8%.
• An ingestion rate of about 1g
carbohydrate/ min. during exercise
maintains optimal carbohydrate
metabolism.
• Example: 1L of 6% carb(14gCHO/8oz )
sports drink per hour of exercise.
What to Drink During Exercise
• During events when a high rate of fluid intake is
necessary to sustain hydration, sports drinks
with less than 7% carbohydrate should be used
to optimize fluid delivery.
• Fluids with salt (sodium chloride) are beneficial
to increasing thirst and voluntary fluid intake as
well as offsetting the amount lost in sweat.
• Cool beverages at temperatures of 50 deg. to 59
deg. F are recommended.
Recognize the basic
signs of dehydration
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Thirst
Irritability
Headache
Weakness
Dizziness
Cramps
Nausea
Decreased performance
THANK
YOU!