A. Element B. Compound C. Mixture 1.

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined, can be separated by physical means. 2. The simplest pure substance, found on the periodic table 3. Two or more elements combine, can be separated by chemical means.

A. Centrifuge 1. Sugar dissolved in water B. Distillation 2. Powdered iron mixed with powdered sulfur. C. Magnet 3. Blood plasma from red blood cells

Mixtures

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means. (notes) The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties and mixtures do not have a definite ratio. (notes) There are two types of mixtures:  Homogeneous  Heterogeneous (We will talk in more detail about these tomorrow)

Solutions are Homogenous mixtures: (notes)

Solutions do not scatter light, light is able to pass through them. (notes) Solutions are made of very small particles that do not settle out over time. (notes) Solutions are composed of a SOLUTE and SOLVENT.

Solute + Solvent = Solution (notes)

Solute is the substance being dissolved (notes) Solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. (notes) The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute that is dissolved into a solvent. (notes)  The more solute is dissolved, the higher the concentration.

Salt is poured into a pot of boiling water.

1. Name the Solvent 2.Name the Solute

Nail polish and polish remover

 Name the solute  Name the solvent

Lithium chloride (LiCl) and H

2

0

Which one is the solute?

Which is the solvent?

Water is the universal solvent!

Three ways to make a solute dissolve faster

(notes): 1.

Heat it

2.

Stir it

3.

Crush it

Unsaturated Homogenous Mixtures: Solutions (notes) Saturated Super saturated

More solute can be added to the solution and would still dissolve Have the maximum amount of solute No more solute can be made to dissolve.

Have more than the maximum Extra solute will settle at the bottom, it will not dissolve.

Homogenous

 A mixture that appears to be the same throughout. (notes)  The particles in a homogenous mixture are very small and not easily seen. (notes) Examples: Saltwater, Iced Tea

Heterogeneous Mixtures

 A mixture that is NOT the same throughout  It is made of two or more substances that are not spread out evenly. (notes)  Particles are large enough to be seen and to be separated from the mixture. (notes)

Examples:

 Sand and pebbles  Oil and water  Powdered iron and powdered sulfur

Heterogeneous Mixtures Suspensions:

 have larger particles that can be seen clearly (notes)  Particles are suspended in the solution, they do not settle out. (notes) Examples: (notes)  Italian Salad dressing  Snow Globe  Muddy water

 Suspensions are separated by filtering.

(notes)

Colloids

 Have properties of both solutions and suspensions (notes)  Particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. (notes)  Particles are medium in size. (notes)  Colloids scatter light (notes)  The particles are constantly colliding, and this allows a colloid to scatter light – thus colloids often seem cloudy.

Examples:

Toothpaste, milk, whipped cream