Transcript Terms and Names - Bibb County Public School District

Terms and Names
Units 1 - 5
created by a group of
investors to establish the
Jamestown colony in 1607
Virginia Company
Native American leader
of the group by the same
name who had uneasy
peace with the settlers in
Jamestown
Powhatan
legislature created in
Jamestown in 1619, first
form of representative
government in North
America
House of Burgesses
uprising in 1676 against
the royal governor led by
Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion
war, beginning in 1675,
between English
colonists and Native
American’s led by
Metacom
King Philip’s War
the prosecution and
execution of 20 men and
women for witchcraft in
Massachusetts in 1692
Salem Witch Trials
colony established by
the Dutch in what
is present-day
New York City
New Amsterdam
economic theory that a
country should acquire as
much gold and silver as
possible by exporting
more than it imports (sell
more stuff than buy)
Mercantilism
one leg of the triangular
trade, also refers to the
forced transport of slaves
from Africa to America
Middle Passage
colonial inventor, printer,
writer, and statesman;
contributed to the
Declaration of
Independence and the
Constitution
Benjamin Franklin
religious revival in the
American colonies in the
1730s and 1740s, included
preachers Jonathan
Edwards and George
Whitefield
The Great Awakening
ended the French and
Indian War, France
gave up all land in
North America
Treaty of Paris (1763)
order by the British
king that closed the
region west of the
Appalachian
Mountains to all
settlement by colonists
Proclamation of 1763
groups that organized
with the purpose of
encouraging the
boycott of British
goods, responsible for
the Boston Tea Party
Sons and Daughters of
Liberty
groups who worked to
coordinate resistance
to the British
throughout the
colonies, sent letters
from city to city
Committees of
Correspondence
pamphlet written by
Thomas Paine and
published in January
1776, which called for
American
independence from
Britain
Common Sense
ended the
Revolutionary War,
Britain acknowledged
American
independence
Treaty of Paris (1783)
plan that established,
in 1781, a limited
national government in
the US, later replaced
by the Constitution
Articles of
Confederation
an uprising against
taxes in Massachusetts
in 1786 and 1787
Shays’ Rebellion
supporters of the
Constitution during the
debate over its ratification,
favored a strong national
government, included
Alexander Hamilton and
James Madison
Federalists
opponents of the
Constitution during the
debate over ratification,
opposed the concepts of a
strong national
government, included
Thomas Jefferson, Patrick
Henry, and James Monroe,
Anti-Federalists
document written 1787
that determined how
western territories
could become states,
also served as a
constitution for the
region
Northwest
Ordinance
purchase by the US of
the Louisiana Territory
from France in 1803
Louisiana Purchase
declaration by
President Monroe in
1823 that the US would
oppose efforts by any
outside power to
control a nation in the
Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
effort, beginning in
Britain in the late 1700s,
to increase production by
using machines powered
by sources other than
humans or animals,
textile industry first to be
affected
Industrial Revolution
argument that it was the
undeniable fate of the US to
expand across North America
(People believed God wanted
America to rule “from sea to
shining sea.”)
manifest destiny
an organized campaign
to eliminate alcohol
consumption
temperance movement
movement to end
slavery
abolitionist movement
the first women’s
rights convention in US
history, held in 1848
Seneca Falls
Convention
the right to vote
suffrage
devotion to one’s
nation
Nationalism
1820 agreement calling for
the admission of Missouri
as a slave state and Maine
as a free state, and
outlawing slavery in
future states to be created
north of 36 degrees 30
minutes North Latitude
Missouri Compromise
the powers that the
Constitution neither gives
to the federal government
nor denies to the states
states’ rights
(states’ rightist - belief that the
states are superior to the national
government)
amendment to an 1846 bill
stating that slavery would not
be permitted in any of the
territory acquired from
Mexico, though it never
became law, Northerners
continued to attach it to bills
related to new territories
Wilmot Proviso
agreement designed to
ease tensions caused by
the expansion of slavery
into western territories
Compromise of 1850
1854 law that created
these states, allowed
citizens to decide
whether slavery to be
allowed there, AKA
popular sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Supreme Court case that
decided slaves were not
citizens, declared
Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional
Dred Scott v. Sandford,
1857
presidential decree by
Lincoln that freed all
slaves in Confederateheld territory
Emancipation
Proclamation
Group of congressmen who
believed Civil War was fought
over slavery and insisted
Reconstruction should
guarantee blacks equality,
wanted to punish the South
for starting the war
Radical Republicans
Program by the federal
gov’t to repair the South
and restore southern
states to the Union
Reconstruction
First major federal relief
agency, meant to help
former slaves
Freedmen’s Bureau
th
16
President of the US,
president during Civil
War
Abraham Lincoln
President of the
Confederate States of
America (the South)
Jefferson Davis
Commander of Union
forces near the end of the
Civil War, later became
th
18 president
Ulysses S. Grant
Commander of
Confederate forces
Robert E. Lee
railway extending from
coast to coast, met at
Promontory Point, Utah
in 1869
transcontinental
railroad
founder of Standard Oil
Company, used
horizontal consolidation
to dominate industry
John D. Rockefeller
a group of separate
companies that are
placed under the control
of a single managing
board
trust
complete control of a
product or service
monopoly
inventor, developed the
light bulb and motion
picture camera
Thomas Edison
founder of the American
Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
laws, beginning in the
1890s, that required
segregation of public
services by race
Jim Crow
organization founded in 1909
to abolish segregation and
discrimination, to oppose
racism, and to gain civil rights
for African Americans
NAACP
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
Supreme Court case in
which the ruling of
separate but equal,
legalized segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
1894 railway workers’
strike that spread
nationwide, shut down
the railroads and
disrupted the delivery of
the mail
Pullman Strike
Terms and Names
Units 6 - 10
writer and journalist who
published The Jungle,
described the meat
packing industry in
Chicago
Upton Sinclair
journalist who uncovers
wrongdoing in politics or
business
muckraker
a process in which
citizens can put a
proposed new law directly
on the ballot in the next
election by collecting
voters’ signatures on a
petition
initiative
procedure that permits
voters to remove public
officials from office
before the next election
recall
process that allows
citizens to approve or
reject a law passed by
their legislature
referendum
law passed in 1882 that
prohibited Chinese
laborers from entering the
country, but did not
prevent entry of those
who had previously
established US residence
Chinese Exclusion Act
President Theodore
Roosevelt’s 1904 extension of
the Monroe Doctrine in which
he asserted the right of the US
to intervene in the affairs of
Latin American nations
Roosevelt Corollary
movement of African
Americans from the south
to the north in search of
factory jobs and a better
life
Great Migration
1917 law that made it
illegal to interfere with
the draft
Espionage Act
President Wilson’s
proposal in 1918 for a
postwar European peace,
included the League of
Nations
Fourteen Points
intense fear of
communism and other
politically radical ideas
Red Scare
production of goods in
great amounts
mass production
African American literary
awakening of the 1920s,
centered in Harlem
Harlem Renaissance
the most severe economic
downturn in the nation’s
history, which lasted from
1929 to 1941
Great Depression
the collapse of the
American stock market in
1929
Great Crash
term used to describe the
central and southern
Great Plains in the 1930s
when the region
sustained a period of
drought and dust storms
Dust Bowl
term used to describe a
makeshift homeless
shelter during the early
years of the Great
Depression
Hooverville
federal project to provide
inexpensive electrical
power, flood control, and
recreational opportunities
to the Tennessee River
Valley
Tennessee Valley
Authority
law passed in 1935 that
aided unions by
legalizing collective
bargaining and closed
shops, and by
establishing the National
Labor Relations Board
Wagner Act
system established in
1935 to provide financial
security, in the form of
regular payments, to
people who cannot
support themselves
Social Security System
term used to describe FDR’s
relief, recovery, and reform
programs designed to combat
the Great Depression
New Deal
1939 laws designed to
keep the US out of future
wars, prevented the US
from selling weapons to
countries already at war
Neutrality Acts
pioneering automobile
manufacturer in the early
1900s, made affordable cars for
the masses using assembly
line and other production
techniques
Henry Ford
jazz musician famous for
his long trumpet solos
and “scat” singing
Louis Armstrong
writer active during the
Harlem Renaissance
Langston Hughes
wrote the song
“White Christmas”
Irving Berlin
first lady 1933-1945, tireless
worker for social causes,
including women’s rights and
civil rights for African
Americans and other groups
Eleanor Roosevelt
Louisiana politician in
the 1930s, suggested
redistributing large
fortunes by means of
grants to families,
assassinated in 1935
Huey Long
1941 law that
authorized the
president to aid any
nation whose defense
he believed was vital to
American security
Lend-Lease Act
1942 WWII battle between
the US and Japan, a
turning point in the war
in the Pacific
Battle of Midway
code name for the Allied
invasion of Normandy,
France on June 6, 1944
D-Day
secret American program
during WWII to develop
an atomic bomb, also
known as Los Alamos
Manhattan Project
program of American
economic assistance to
western Europe following
WWII
Marshall Plan
declared the US would
support countries
threatened by
communism
Truman Doctrine
American policy of
resisting further
expansion of communism
around the world
containment
Republican senator from
Wisconsin in the late
1940s and early 1950s, led
a crusade to investigate
officials he claimed were
Communists, discredited
in 1954
Joseph McCarthy
dramatic increase in
birthrate, especially in the
years following WWII
baby boom
the first artificial satellite
to orbit Earth, launched
by the Soviets in 1957
Sputnik
1954 Supreme Court case
in which racial
segregation in public
schools was outlawed
Brown v. Board of
Education
citizens’ personal liberties
guaranteed by law, such
as voting and equal
treatment
civil rights
law that made
discrimination illegal in a
number of areas,
including voting, schools,
and jobs
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Pres. Johnson’s proposals
for aid to public education,
voting rights, conservation
and beautification projects,
medical care for the elderly,
and elimination of poverty
Great Society
Federal program that
provides low-cost health
insurance to poor
Americans of any age
Medicaid
Federal program that
provides hospital and
low-cost medical
insurance to most
Americans age 65 and
older
Medicare
Rule that police officers
must inform persons
accused of a crime of
their legal rights
Miranda rule
Law aimed at reducing
the barriers that
prevented African
Americans from voting, in
part by increasing the
federal government’s
authority to register
voters
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Attorney General under
his brother, Pres. John F.
Kennedy, in the early
1960s, assassinated while
running for president in
1968
Robert F. Kennedy
African American civil
rights leader from the mid1950s until his
assassination in 1968, used
nonviolent means such as
marches, boycotts, and
legal challenges to win civil
rights
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Athlete who in 1947
became the first African
American to play baseball
in the major leagues
Jackie Robinson
Organization formed in
1966 to promote the full
participation of women in
American society
National Organization
of Women
NOW
Union created by Cesar
Chavez to organize
Mexican field hands in
the west
United Farm Workers
Scandal involving the break-in
of the Democratic National
Headquarters, its cover-up
and the eventual resignation of
President Nixon in 1974
Watergate Scandal
Peace treaty signed
between Israel and
Egypt, organized by
President Carter
Camp David Accords
Scandal in the Reagan
administration involving
the use of money from
secret Iranian arms sales
to support the
Nicaraguan Contras
Iran-Contra Affair
Agreement calling for the
removal of trade
restrictions among the
US, Canada, and Mexico
NAFTA
North American Free Trade
Agreement
Supreme Court case
which made abortion
legal
Roe v. Wade
Book written by Rachel
Carson which brought
attention to the environment
Silent Spring
Biologist who wrote
Silent Spring
Rachel Carson
Organized the United
Farm Workers
Cesar Chavez