Transcript Slide 1

DOE/NV/25946--1467
Working with FRMAC During an IPX
RaJah Mena
FRMAC Senior Scientist
Remote Sensing Laboratory
Presented to
NREP
April 23, 2012
This work was done by National Security Technologies, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25946 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
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Topics
• General introduction to FRMAC
• How FRMAC supports IPX objectives
• Levels of FRMAC support
• What do we get out of this?
• What do we need to do?
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Introduction to FRMAC
Assist the states in their mission to protect the health and
well being of their citizens:
– Provide initial prediction based on source term estimate
• In conjunction with the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center
– Verify and validate prediction based on ground monitoring data
and fixed-wing surveys
– Comprehensive characterization of environmental and public
impacts based on ground monitoring, sampling and analysis,
and rotary-wing survey data
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Federal Response
• Regardless of the Coordinating Agency
– DOE coordinates radiological monitoring and assessment
activities for the emergency and intermediate phases
– EPA coordinates the intermediate to long-term activities for
radiological monitoring and assessment
• Advisory Team (EPA, CDC, FDA, USDA)
– Provides PARs to the State / Local / Tribal representatives
• FRMAC (Multi-Agency)
– Coordinates monitoring, analysis, and assessment
– Provides data products to the State / Local / Tribal
representatives
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DOE Involvement
• DOE participates in 8-10 exercises per year
• Standard level of participation
– Planning conference calls and meetings
– Outreach (1 assessment scientist)
• Presentation
• Tabletop exercise
– IPX (1-2 assessment scientists)
• Data products
• Exercise play
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DOE Involvement
• Enhanced participation
– Technical Training (1 monitoring supervisor)
• Equipment training
• FRMAC monitoring and sampling procedures
– Assessment Training (1 assessment scientist)
– Drill (1 assessment scientist)
• Provide guidance during drill
• Inject map products
• Cover Advance Party Meeting Checklist
– AMS Flyover (fixed wing crew)
• King Air B200 flown during exercise
• Show and tell of aircraft
– CMRT I Deployment (typically a reduced team)
• Field team play
• Real time data
• Real time products
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FRMAC Activities During the IPX Process
• Initial meeting
– NREP
– NRC training
At least 18
months to 2 years
in advance
• Conference calls
– At least 2 scheduled prior to any real work done
– Where contacts are identified
• Federal Outreach
– Presentations from members of the “federal family”
– Dry run TTX of IPX process
• Drill
– Full practice run through
– FEMA may conduct courtesy evaluation
As often as
necessary
1–2 months prior
to exercise
About one
month prior to
exercise
• IPX
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FRMAC Assistance and FEMA Objectives
• Assistance available for many of the objectives
• Objectives test more than utility and state capabilities
• Notional play can be beneficial to meet objectives
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Six Major Criteria
1. Emergency Operations
Management
4. Field Measurement and
Analysis
2. Protective Action DecisionMaking
5. Emergency Notification and
Public Information
3. Protective Action
Implementation
6. Support
Operations/Facilities
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2. Protective Action Decision Making
2.a.1 Worker Safety
 CMHT connection with other federal assets
 Dose projections and early data assessment
2.d.1 Ingestion Pathway Assessment
 Nuclide specific models
 Via Advisory Team – agricultural advice
 Assessment Scientists for radiological assistance
2.e.1 Relocation, reentry, and return decisions
Map products utilizing models and data
Assessment Scientists to assistance with data
Map products of aerial surveys
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3. Protective Action Decision Making
3.c Implementation of protective action decisions for special
populations
 Custom map products can be generated with features indicating
locations of special population locations
 National database can be queried for additional data
 Specific local data can be added
3.f.1 Implementation of relocation, reentry, and return
decisions
 Maps can be generated to assist with route design or
sector designation
 FRMAC field team members can assist with monitoring
requests to assist with reentry of agricultural workers and
other persons
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4. Field Measurement and Analysis
• Criterion covers entire gambit of sampling and measuring
• FRMAC can provide
–
–
–
–
–
Personnel to support up to 20 field teams
Equipment for those teams
Sample receipt and control
Some field counting
Sample shipment to offsite labs
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6. Support Operation/Facilities
• 6.b.1 Decontamination and monitoring of personnel and vehicles
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Data/Products Provided by FRMAC
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Standard Map Product Set
• Relocation
– Used to assist the players in determining what regions might need to be
relocated
• EPA or state specific guidance
• AMS B-200 Flyover
– Data generated flight path based on model projection
– Used by the players to confirm the initial relocation results
• Mature Produce Crops and Dairy (2 maps)
– Typically used by the players to make a sampling plan
– Assists players in embargo decisions
– FDA guidance based on Cs-134/137 and I-131
• Integrated Dose
– Used by the players in re-entry/return decision-making
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Relocation Map
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AMS Flyover Map
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Dairy Map
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Mature Produce Crops Map
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Time Integrated Dose Map
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The FRMAC Development Process
• Funnel defined source term information through NARAC
• Acquire deposition models for evacuation, relocation, and ingestion
PAG maps
• Create infrastructure and sample point overlays
• Use the NARAC deposition models and specified overlays to create
appropriate FRMAC map products
• Use underlying deposition data to provide pertinent sample
information
• Use a flight simulator to produce a sample B200 flyover map
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Iterations
• Concerns
– Evacuation ~ 3–5 miles
– Relocation ~ 10 miles
– Ingestion ≤ 50 miles
• Evacuation often the driver
• Avoidable dose concept
• Plume passage or no plume passage?
• Multiple NARAC runs not uncommon
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Initiating Process
• Data required from the state/utility planners
– Meteorological data
• Canned
• Real
– Winds
• Static
• Stability class
• Wind changes?
– Source Term details
•
•
•
•
Release rates in 15 minute increments
Typically 2 hour span
Mix of particulates, iodines, and nobles varies greatly
NUREG-1465 and NUREG-1228
– State specific limits, if applicable
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Example Exercise
•
•
•
•
•
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Wind from 130°
Wind speed = 5 mph
Stability class E
Release 0915–1115
NUREG-1465 used as template
Over 60 nuclides
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Key Source Term Items From First Run
Nuclide
Total Activity Released (Ci)
I-131
7.072 E + 02
I-133
1.439 E +03
Cs-136
2.633 E +01
Cs-137
5.701 E +01
Kr-85
1.568 E + 01
Xe-133
1.030 E +02
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Agricultural Areas of Concern for I-131
I-131 Food Contamination Areas of Concern
(Ingestion DRLs Corresponding to FDA DILS)
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Agricultural Areas of Concern for Cs-137
Cs-137 Food Contamination Areas of Concern
(Ingestion DRLs Corresponding to FDA DILS)
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Evacuation/Shelter-in-Place
Radiological Release Early Phase PAGs
Evacuation/Sheltering based on TEDE
12-108 hr
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Refinement Process
• Shortfalls
– Evacuation/Shelter-in-Place falls short
– Extensive iodine concentration
• Caution on Cs-137
• State/Utility Options
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–
–
–
–
Alter scenario to include filters and scrubbers
Change met
Increase nobles
Increase particulates
Include plume passage
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Source Term Statistics
•
•
•
•
•
Average number of nuclides 21
Wind speed varies 4–8 mph
Stability classes C–E
Average duration of release 2 hours
Wind shifts and precipitation rare
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Most Common Nuclides and Average Activity
Nuclide
Activity Average (Ci)
Nuclide
Activity Average (Ci)
Ba-140
3.24E+03
Ru-106
7.98E+03
La-140
2.96E+03
Sr-89
1.31E+04
Ce-144
1.88E+03
Sr-90
2.50E+03
Cs-134
1.49E+03
Y-90
1.95E+02
Cs-136
1.22E+02
Kr-85
3.43E+03
Cs-137
6.59E+02
Kr-85m
3.03E+05
I-131
1.06E+04
Kr-87
5.05E+05
I-132
2.82E+03
Kr-88
7.70E+05
I-133
8.73E+03
Xe-131m
1.20E+10
I-134
9.09E+02
Xe-133
2.51E+06
I-135
4.57E+03
Xe-133m
1.66E+05
Te-132
4.53E+04
Xe-135
8.70E+05
Rb-88
1.26E+05
Xe-135m
1.25E+04
Ru-103
2.07E+03
Xe-138
3.17E+04
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Guidance Used
• FRMAC Assessment Manual
– TurboFRMAC
– FDA 1998
– FDA 2001
• Typical states
– EPA 400-92-R
– FDA 1998
• Other
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Dose Conversion Factor Concerns
(The Reader’s Digest Version)
Vision • Service • Partnership
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ICRP60+ Dosimetry Model
EPA 1992
26/30
ICRP Reference:
This comes from the original
Protective Action Guide (PAG)
Manual - EPA 400-R-92-001
Tables 7-1 and 7-2.
Description:
Key Considerations:
Dose conversion factors (DCF)
here are used to make
intermediate phase decisions.
This guidance uses ICRP lung
models which can produce more
conservative dose conversion
factors for Am/Pu/Np inhalation.
ICRP Reference:
Description:
60/66
This is a more comprehensive list of
nuclides which have dose conversion
factors derived from ICRP 60 and 66
publications. A more complex
resuspension model is used for dose
projections over extended periods of
time.
Calculations will be in total agreement
Key Considerations: with the NARAC model. Results can also
be correlated to those from RASCAL.
Select One:
Select One:
Nuclides with Guidance:
Zr-95
Nb-95
Ru-103
Ru-106
Te-132
I-131
I-132
I-133
I-135
Cs-134
Cs-137
Ba-140
La-140
Cs-134
I-131
La-140
Nb-95
I-133
Am-241
Ce-141
Cm-242
Cm-244
I-129
Sr-89
Np-239
Nuclides with Guidance:
Pu-239
Cs-136
Co-60
Kr-87
I-134
Xe-133
Xe-135
Xe-138
Y-91
Pu-238
Kr-88/Rb-88
Mo-99/Tc-99m…
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Sampling Data Process
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Example Sample Sheet
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Controller
Sheet
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Sample Data Instructions
Sample Type
Latitude
Longitude
Special Instructions/Comments
Returned FRMAC
Value
Soil
XX.XXXXX
-XXX.XXXXX
NA
Concentration of
nuclides in uCi/m2
Water
XX.XXXXX
-XXX.XXXXX
Covered water source with no
venting
Concentration of
nuclides in uCi/L
Vegetation
XX.XXXXX
-XXX.XXXXX
Ready for harvest
Concentration of
nuclides in uCi/kg
Milk
XX.XXXXX
-XXX.XXXXX
Cows on stored feed
Concentration of
nuclides in uCi/L
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Or….
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Resources and Getting Started
FRMAC Program Information and Manuals
http://www.nv.doe.gov/nationalsecurity/homelandsecurity/
frmac/default.htm
Colleen O’Laughlin
NNSA / NSO - 702-295-0648
[email protected]
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