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Pathways to Progress with BJD for Veterinarians Mr Phil Whitten Dr Andrew Padula www.dairyaustralia.com.au/bjd Dairy Australia, BJD Project Manager Veterinary Consultant March – April 2008 1 Overview 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Why worry about BJD? Key steps for managing BJD Dairy industry activities – – – – National Dairy BJD Assurance Score 3-Step Calf Plan BJD communication and training R&D projects on BJD 5. Dairy industry resources on BJD 2 1. Introduction Introduction • • • • Road show of information sessions in Vic and Tas Provide information on BJD Working with stock agents and milk companies Aiming to get all farmers reducing their risk of BJD 3 2. Why worry about BJD? Key drivers for tackling BJD • Common dairy cattle disease in south-east Australia • Hypothesised link to Crohn’s disease in humans – No proven link but apply the precautionary principle • Many countries now with BJD programs • On-farm economic losses • Market access into the future? 4 3. Why worry about BJD? Why worry about BJD? • Relatively common dairy cattle disease • Hypothesised link to Crohn’s disease in humans – MAP found in some Crohn’s patients – MAP found in overseas retail milk surveys – Insufficient evidence to support a link • MAP in milk may make future market access difficult • Some on-farm economic losses 5 2. Why worry about BJD? Food Safety Authorities Review • Crohn’s and Mptb hypothesis reviewed by many international food safety bodies • Many published studies and conflicting results • FSANZ review in 2004 • “…no evidence for a causal link between Mptb and Crohns…” but apply precautionary principle 6 3. Key steps to managing BJD Keys to management Calf rearing Test and cull Remove infected animals Minimise risk of new infections Preferential cull ‘high’ risk Assess and minimise risk Victorian DPI TCP 3-Step Calf Plan SA Dairy ManaJD JDCAP Herd introductions Minimise risk of introducing BJD Dairy Score CattleMAP Closed herd? 7 3. Key steps It’s all about risk management 8 3. Key steps to managing BJD Whole chain risk management summary Cattle Harvesting Processing Markets Hazard BJD in herd Hazard Faecal contamination of milk Hazard Pasteurisation efficacy Hazard Market sensitivity to MAP Critical Control Points Good calf hygiene Remove shedders Avoid Introducing BJD Critical Control Points Good milking hygiene Critical Control Points Understand efficacy of heat tx Adequate time and temp Critical Control Points Communication and awareness 9 3. Key steps to managing BJD Effectiveness of strategies 10 4. Dairy industry activities What is the industry doing about BJD? • Reducing the risk of BJD – Communication and training • Educational program on BJD for all sectors • New industry programs for calf rearing and low risk introductions – Partnerships between industry and government • Moving to less regulated system of management – Research and development • Alternative diagnostic tests • Milk survey for Mptb, heat treatment of milk effectiveness 11 4. Dairy industry activities 3-Step Calf Plan • • • • • Agreed fundamental steps for BJD control Relevant to every dairy farm Included in company QA manuals Companies provide an advisory service to farmers Auditable 12 4. Dairy industry activities Step 1: Calves removed within 12 hours Image courtesy Dairy Australia 13 4. Dairy industry activities Step 2: No access to effluent Image courtesy Dairy Australia 14 4. Dairy industry activities Step 3: 12 months separation from adults Image courtesy Dairy Australia 15 4. Dairy industry activities National Dairy BJD Assurance Score • • • • A tool for farmers to better understand the risk Developed as a voluntary tool Assist in making low risk herd introductions Ranks existing BJD programs by risk “The higher the Score the lower the risk” 16 4. Dairy industry activities Comparing the risk Free Zone (WA) Market Assurance Program herds Protected Zone Single test negative Approved Control Programs Hygienic Calf Rearing Programs ie. JDCAP (Victoria) or 3-Step Infected or Suspect All Non-Assessed herds after July 2008 17 4. Dairy industry activities Cattle veterinarians role with Dairy Score • Support farmers implement risk reduction measures – Basic principles – Calf rearing programs • 3-Step Calf Plan • JDCAP – Test & Control Program pros and cons – CattleMAP 18 4. Dairy industry activities Communication and training • Dairy industry encouraging all farmers to reduce risk – Communications to raise awareness of BJD – Materials to support 3-Step Calf Plan – Farmer seminars planned • Training for range of industry sectors on BJD – Factory field service – Stock agents – Veterinarians 19 4. Dairy industry activities Research and development on BJD • Alternative diagnostic test development – Evaluation of herd level screening tests – Aim to find the most heavily infected herds • Bulk milk tank antibodies, milk PCR for Mptb • Bulk herd faecal culture 20 4. Dairy industry activities Environmental sampling • Culture of a single representative herd sample – pooled faecal sample from holding yard • Project evaluating sensitivity in known infected herds • USA has protocol for Test Negative Status program • Relatively sensitive herd level test (~50%) 21 4. Dairy industry activities BJD Vaccination • • • • DPI-Vic and Pfizer project Some use of vaccines in Australia previously Minor use permits for Silirum® Issues BJD vaccines raise – – – – – Efficacy and its evaluation Blood test status post-vacc TB testing cross reactivity Injection site lesions Import protocols and animal ID 22 5. Dairy BJD resources Dairy BJD resources • Web site www.dairy.com.au/bjd • Publications – – – – – 3-Step Calf Plan Dairy Score BJD Technotes for vets and advisers Dairy farm guidelines for BJD DVD on BJD best-practice • Project manager 23 Summary • Now in era of living with BJD • Support farmers in reducing risk of BJD • Farmers must manage it as part of everyday farming www.dairyaustralia.com.au/bjd END 24