Transcript Slide 1

YOURSELF
FROM AIDS/HIV
YOU ONLY HAVE ONE LIFE. KEEP IT HEALTHY!
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Definition (1)
What is the correct definition of AIDS?
a) AIDS is the disease resulting from the individua
being infected by the HIV virus.
b) HIV is the disease resulting from being infected
by a virus called AIDS.
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Definition (2)
• HIV: The Human Immune deficiency Virus
It targets the immune system and weakens the monitoring and
defence systems of the body against infections.
• AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
When the body cannot successfully fight the external attacks
anymore, opportunistic diseases break out. This phase is
characterised by the appearance of certain cancers, infections
and other serious clinical manifestations.
 This phase is referred to as the AIDS phase.
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Seropositivity (1)
A person carrying the HIV virus does
not necessarily have AIDS.
a) True
b) False
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Seropositivity (2)
•
Being HIV positive means that one has been in contact
with the virus and that it has started to multiply in the body.
•
Being HIV positive is a life-long condition but one does not
yet show the symptoms (signs of the disease).
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The signs of being HIV positive
• First weeks after being infected by the HIV virus:
Fever, muscular pains, tiredness, lymph nodes, rash or diarrhoea.
These signs disappear after 1 to 2 weeks but the virus remains.
• Phase without symptoms:
After the 1st phase, the virus multiplies and spreads in the body but
without external signs. This phase can last between a couple of
months and several years during which the virus continues to destroy
the immune system.
• Living with AIDS:
As time goes by, the virus weakens the immune system. When the
body cannot effectively fight the external attacks anymore, infections or
cancers break out. Now we are in the AIDS phase.
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Extent of the pandemic
• In 2011, about 34.2 million people were infected by the HIV
virus.
• With more than 25 million deaths during the last three
decades, the HIV virus brings about one of the most deadly
infectious diseases in the world.
• To date, it has caused more than 30 million deaths. It has
been assessed that every year 1.8 million people die of
HIV/AIDS.
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Estimation of the number of
people living with the HIV virus in 2011
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Evolution of the number of people
living with the HIV virus (2001/2010)
ADULTS AND CHILDREN LIVING WITH HIV (2001/2010)
Sub-Saharan Africa
North Africa Middle East
Latin America
Caribbean
South Asia & South East
Asia
North America
East Asia
Oceania
Central & Western Europe
East. Europe & Centr. Asia
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Screening (1)
The need to be tested can arise at different points in one’s
life:
• After having taken an averse risk (unprotected sexual
intercourse, tearing of the condom, sharing of a syringe
or infected material);
• When in need of reassurance;
• When planning a pregnancy.
 At all these centres you can also be screened for
other STIs: Hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
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Screening (2)
When should the test be carried out ?
After having taken an averse risk, it takes 3 months for the
screening test to detect the presence of an infection.
During this period of uncertainty, it is important to protect
oneself and one’s partner, as one could be the carrier of
the virus and there is thus a risk of transmission.
There is a higher risk during this period (just after being
infected) as the viral replication is very intense and the
carrier of the virus is very contagious.
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Screening (3)
Where should the test be carried out ?
At one’s general practitioner, at family planning clinics,
screening centres.
It is a matter of a confidential medical intervention,
protected by professional confidentiality. It consists of a
blood test.
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Transmission (1)
The AIDS virus is transmitted by:
a) Blood
b) Saliva
c) Vaginal secretions
d) Sperm
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Transmission (2)
• Sexual intercourse
The following sexual relations are risky:
o with penetration (anal, vaginal);
o fellation (especially ejaculation in the mouth of the partner);
o cunnilingus (during menstruation when the woman is HIV-positive).
• Contact with blood
o Sharing of syringes and/or other material for intravenous injection
(cotton-wool, spoon, tourniquet, …);
o Contaminated blood on an open wound.
• Pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding
Risk of contamination between the mother infected by the HIV virus and her
child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
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Transmission (3)
Can one get AIDS by:
a) Mixing with an HIV-positive person
b) Eating from his/her plate
c) Shaking hands with him/her
d) Looking after a wound he or she may have
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Transmission (4)
One cannot be infected by:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tears or perspiration;
Coughing or sneezing;
Simple contact, shaking hands, massages;
Insect bites;
Swimming in swimming pools;
Toilet seats.
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Prevention (1)
The best way to protect oneself is:
a) By using a condom
b) By wearing 2 condoms
c) By refraining from having sexual intercourse
d) By wearing charms
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Prevention (2)
There are several ways to prevent the transmission of the
HIV virus:
• To have less risky sexual relations by using condoms
• To submit oneself to screening of sexually transmitted infections,
including the HIV infection, and to get treatment when necessary.
• To avoid the use of injectable drugs or, if one does use them, use new
disposable needles and syringes.
• Ensure that tattooing or piercing is done with sterile material.
• Make sure that if one is in need of blood, the blood has been screened
for detection of the possible presence of the HIV virus.
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Prevention (3)
Still not very well-known and hardly used, the female condom (Femidon)
offers an effective alternative as far as HIV/AIDS is concerned. Like its
counterpart, it is also a condom.
Femidon offers significant advantages for women and men!
• It can be inserted a long time before having intercourse (several hours),
which does not interrupt the preliminaries.
• It can also prolong the intimacy as it is not necessary to take it out right
after ejaculation.
• It does not compress the male organ.
• Not being made of latex, it does not cause allergies. (Femidon is made
of nitrile, a hypo-allergenic material).
• And above all, it offers women control over preventative measures.
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Prevention (4)
• The first step in preventing transmission from the mother to the child
is an HIV screening.
• Access to preventative interventions remains limited in most of the low
and middle income countries. We have, however, made progress.
• In 2010, 48% of pregnant women living with HIV benefitted from the
most effective treatment programmes (those recommended by the
WHO) preventing the transmission of the virus from mother to child.
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Use of the condom (1)
• Before use, always check their compatibility with your doctor or
pharmacist.
• Carefully read the instructions for use before use as they contain important
information.
• Check the expiry date mentioned on the package of the condom before
use.
• Carefully open the package by tearing it along the serrated edge.
• Handle the condom carefully as it can be damaged by nails and sharp
objects such as jewellery or piercings.
 Oil-based lubricants, such as vaseline, butter, oils and vaginal
ovules may damage the condoms as may certain medications
applied on the penis or the vagina.
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Use of the condom (2)
1) One of the partners can put the condom on the erect penis
during the preliminaries. Avoid all contact between the
penis and the body of the partner before the condom has
been put on in order to prevent pregnancy or transmission
of sexual infections.
2) Ensure that the part to be unrolled is on the outside. If it is
on the inside, the condom is inside out. Make sure to
carefully hold the top of the condom (reservoir) between
your fingers in order to remove the air. Air remaining inside
could cause the condom to tear.
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Use of the condom (3)
3) By keeping the reservoir between the fingers, place the
condom on the end of the erect penis and use the other hand to
continue to completely unroll the condom down the penis. If
during intercourse the condom starts to roll off, immediately
reposition it by pulling it up before continuing sexual
intercourse. If the condom comes off completely, a new one
has to be used before continuing sexual intercourse.
4) Withdraw immediately after ejaculation and before the end of
the erection whilst firmly holding on to the condom at the base
of the penis. Wait until complete withdrawal before removing
the condom. Avoid all contact of the penis and the used
condom with the body of the partner.
Dispose of the condom in a hygienic manner: roll it in paper
and throw it in the bin. Do not throw in toilets.
..
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Treatments (1)
With the correct treatment one can be
cured of AIDS?
a) True
b) False
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Treatments (2)
• The purpose of the treatments (referred to as tri-therapies, as they
combine several medicines) is to prevent or to delay the start of
the AIDS phase by blocking the multiplication of the virus.
• These treatments therefore cause an increase in the life
expectancy of HIV-positive people.
 In 2011, more than 8 million people living with the HIV
virus were undergoing antiretroviral treatment in low and
middle income countries, but more than 7 million have to
be registered in a treatment programme to achieve the
target of 15 million people undergoing antiretroviral
treatment by 2015.
 In the long-term, an HIV infection remains a deadly disease.
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Other sexually transmitted
diseases (1)
• There is not only AIDS. The HIV virus is sexually transmitted but
so are other diseases. They are called sexually transmitted
infections (STI).
 They are contagious and are mainly spread sexually.
• Besides AIDS, the most widely spread diseases are syphilis,
gonorrhoea, chlamydia, herpes genitalis, hepatitis B and C,
mycoses.
 Once a person is infected, he/she can infect another
person without showing any symptoms.
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Other sexually transmitted
diseases (2)
The only effective prevention is the use of a condom.
• With the exception of AIDS and hepatitis, the STI are easy to
treat on condition that they are treated early enough. A late
treatment can have serious consequences: sterility, infections
transmitted to newborn, cancer and sometimes death.
• Moreover, the STI considerably increase the risk of infection by
the HIV/AIDS virus and vice versa.
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YOU ONLY
HAVE ONE
LIFE.
PROTECT
YOURSELF!
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DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?
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