Transcript Colonialism and Africa
1. How many slaves were transported (approximately) from 1520-1860?
2. (True or False) Slavery did not exist in Africa before Europeans came to the continent in the 1400’s.
1.
After the slave trade ended in 1808 why were Europeans still interested in Africa?
2.
What was the Berlin Conference (meeting) in 1884 about?
Answer: 1.
2.
Industrial Revolution=caused great need for raw materials needed for finished goods Berlin Conference was a meeting set up to divide up Africa between the European colonizers. It was to prevent a future war between colonizers!
1. In 1994 the conflict between the _____________ and the ________________ was a result of the colonial rule of ___________ (European country).
2. List one way Africa was impacted and devastated by the slave trade?
Answer: 1. Tutsi & Hutu, Belgian. 2. Few workers were left, families were destroyed, traditions & culture was lost due to the human life lost.
1.
What were two reasons for the “Scramble for Africa?
2. What was the “middle” passage?
Answer:
1.
Possible answers- political competition (glory), economic interest (wealth), cultural motives (God), and scientific interests (glory).
2.It is the middle leg of the triangle trade-transporting slaves and finished goods from Africa to the Americas (Caribbean)
World Studies
to this…?
Africa had many empires that existed Songhai, Mali, & Ghana were great empires & prospered quite well Kings were strong, wealthy rulers Large organized armies Prospered from the trade of gold, diamonds, and salt
Monarchies, democracies, central governments Lived in big cities or small villages Nomadic hunters or skilled artists
Before Europeans enslaved Africans, Africans enslaved EACH OTHER!
Village raids on other villages ended with taking captives for profit, servants, and soldiers Slavery in Africa was like European serfdom In the Ashanti Kingdom, slaves could marry, own property, and even own slaves You were not born into slavery
WHY DID IT OCCUR???
1.
Intense labor was needed to cultivate/grow sugar and cocoa and harvest crops 2. Europeans did have labor: the Native Americans
Europeans disease brought with them nearly wiped out the Native American population = No labor = Need to get labor from somewhere else…
But where…?
Europeans found labor by raiding towns in Africa or by trading irons for weapons in exchange for Africans’ slaves
Europeans made more than 54,000 voyages to trade slaves Many Africans were killed during raids
2/3rds taken were men between 18 and 30 which left few behind to lead families and villages
African towns didn’t have enough workers
Many Africans died on the passage to the Americas which is called the Middle Passage (of the triangle trade route)
Why would the Europeans want their land too??
Industrial Revolution = more raw materials…… Africa has them!!
Inventions increased the speed of making goods Little was known about the interior of Africa
Missionaries went to Africa to convert Africans to Christianity… often resulting in destroying African traditions.
Discoveries of interior Africa by Europeans such as David Livingstone and Cecil Rhodes
European countries controlled only small part of Africa in 1880; but by 1914 only Ethiopia, Liberia remained independent.
European powers rapidly divided Africa – Why?
Period known as “Scramble for Africa”
Economic Interests – “It’s All About the Money Honey!” Political Competition – “Who’s the King of the Mountain
Now?”
Cultural motives – “My Way is Better Than Your Way” Scientific Justification – “Science can explain everything!”
Imperialism = a policy of conquering and ruling other lands
The Industrial Revolution caused Europeans to regarded their new technology (weaponry, telegraphs, railroads etc.) as proof they were better than other peoples. This attitude is a reflection of racism, the belief that one race is superior to others.
Europeans created empires for wealth economic need!
Each nation wanted the
biggest or richest
colonies and control of
trade
To prevent war, the Berlin Conference took place in 1884 Discussed how to divide Africa without consulting Africans By 1912, all of Africa was colonized except for
Ethiopia and Liberia
Europeans only cared about gold, diamonds, and other resources Europeans looked down on African
culture as inferior
Worsened conflicts between ethnic groups-Why?
In Rwanda, Belgians established a system where people were to carry
identity cards
Hutu and Tutsi-rival ethnic groups Hutu=Majority but control was given to the minority Tutsi group.
Belgians decided anyone who owned more than 10 cows was a Tutsi and got special treatment Hutus were resentful and led a massacre and civil war in 1994