Transcript Units 5 & 6
SW Asia (Mesopotamia) Africa (Egypt) SE Asia (India, China) Mesoamerica Two primary components: Agricultural surplus Social stratification Role of site and situation: why locate where they do? (water, protection, religion, etc) Consider how each determines urban location and communication 1. sail/wagon=use of wind for power 2. steamboat=use of steam for power Cities near rivers and canals 3. steel rail=rise of trains, use of electricity Cities near ports/rivers Spread of cities, esp to Great Lakes region for materials 4. auto/air Rapid rise of suburbs World City Primate City Dominant city in global market (London, Toyko, NYC) A country's largest city by far Rank-Size Rule In urban hierarchy, the population will be inversely proportional to its rank If largest city =900,000, 2nd =450,000, 3rd =300,000 Hexagon Explains the size and spacing of cities that specialize in selling goods/services Large cities further apart than towns/villages Affected by physical barriers, uneven resource distribution, etc Functional zonation=how is the city divided into certain regions (zone) and for what purpose (function)? North American models Concentric Zone (Burgess) Sector (Hoyt) Multiple Nuclei (Harris) Others African City (deBlij) Latin American City (Griffin-Ford) Southeast Asian (McGee) Role of edge cities Zoning laws Redlining Blockbusting Gentrification Tear-downs/McMansions Gated communities Changing demographics Role of transportation access. Urban sprawl First Agric: Neolithic Second Agric Shift from hunter gatherer to settlement Preceded the IR Third Agric: Green Revolution Modern focus on high-yield grains (rice) to reduce hunger Southwest Asia: seed crops Sauer: South Asia w root crops Subsistence=small scale, product consumed on the farm, low tech Shifting Cultivation=shifting from one field to another after a few years Slash and burn=particular method of shifting cultivation Primary=close to ground (Agric, mining) Secondary=turning primary into new products Teritary=service industry—facilitates trade Quaternary=info or the exchange of goods Quinary=tied to research or higher ed Connect to land use Pastoral nomadism=arid, less populated regions Shifting Cultivation=LDCs, esp rainforest Plantation=Tropical Dairy=northern areas Businesses that provide the goods and services related to the support of the agricultural industry Encourages spatial concentration of agric. Agricultural land use as related to market 1. dairy/market gardening=perishable 2. forest=lumber, fuel 3. Grains/field crops=need more land, less perishable 4. Ranching=need for lots of land GMOs Organic Foods Produce high yields that have fewer issues Question=safety? Increasing rapidly in core countries Question=Effecive Uneven global food distribution Cash and luxury crops in periphery Caloric consumption vastly different btwn core and periphery Deforestation, desertification, overharvesting, soil erosion, chemical contamination of groundwater Commercial agriculture has increased greatly the environmental impact seen