Transcript Hoyt’s Sector Model - Department of Geography

Hoyt’s Sector Model
Background
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Research conducted by economist Homer
Hyot (1895-1984) in 1939
Studied 64 widely distributed American cities
Publication: The Structure and Growth of
Residential Neighbourhoods in American
Cities.
Homer Hoyt’s
sector model
of 30 US cities
Why did he put forward
another model?
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He rejected the idea of concentric zones.
He suggested that residential areas took the form
of a series of sectors.
Sector is a section of an urban area in the shape
of a wedge, beginning at the edge of the CBD and
gradually widening to the periphery.
wedge like/ sector
arrangement following the
axial arrangement of the
transport lines diverging from
the city centre.
 locate outside the CBD
due to land costs and
along transport routes to
minimize costs of
transportation.
CBD remains a
circular form in
the centre.
found near to railways, bordering the
manufacturing / warehousing
sectors (the least desirable land).
occupied intermediate
positions.
 developed along main transport routes
for ease of commuting into the CBD
 located away from areas of heavy
polluting industry.
 found on high grounds (good view),
 waterfronts not used by industries and
homes of community leaders.
How are sectors developed?
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Differences in accessibility from outlying districts to
the city centre
High-class housing estates were built along transport
routes, e.g. suburban railway line
 attract accretionary growth of similar residential
housing, thus extending the zone out as a sector
(ecological factor).
A high rent residential district in one sector of the city
will migrate outwards by the addition of new belts of
housing along its outer arc.
Similar land uses attracted other similar land uses,
concentrating a function in a particular area and
repelling others. This ‘attract and repel’ process led to
sector development.
Significance
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ecological factors + economic rent concept to
explain the land use pattern
stress on the role of transport routes in affecting the
spatial arrangement of the city.
both the distance and direction of growth from the city
centre are considered.
Brings location of industrial and environmental
amenity values as determinants in residential location
Example: sectors of high class residential areas tend to
grow towards higher grounds, sites with better view,
more open space, the homes of influential leaders
within the community and existing outlying, smaller
settlements.
Criticisms
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He based his model on housing and neglected
other land uses.
Areas of low cost housing do occur beside main
roads near to the boundaries of most cities.
It is too concerned with residential land use and has
not paid enough attention to the existence of
residential and industrial suburbs in cities.
It has paid little attention to the height of buildings
and the variation of land use with height.