Transcript The Large Animal Industry

The Large Animal
Industry
The Meat Industry
Each year the average person
in this country consumes 97
pounds of beef and veal, 64
pounds of pork, and 90 pounds
of poultry
The Meat Industry
Very few nations in the world
even come close to us in the
per capita consumption of
meat.
The meat industry
Our land is well suited for the
production of animals.
Americans spend a small
portion of their income on
food when compared with the
rest of the world.
The meat industry
Critics say Americans are
wasteful in feeding several
pounds of feed to animals in
return for a pound of meat.
Grains fed to animals could be
better used to feed people.
The meat industry
Producers argue that the land
on which animals are grazed
could be used for little else.
Almost half of the land in this
country is unsuitable for
raising crops.
The meat industry
Grains used for fattening
livestock are not considered
good for human consumption
The meat industry
Agriculture animals also
make use of by-products for
feed.
The meat industry
Meat is very dense in
nutrients, a pound of meat may
equal or surpass the nutritive
content of the feed that
produced it. Meat is among
the most nutritionally complete
The beef industry
Over three quarters of the
cash receipts for marketing of
meat animals come from the
sale of beef.
The average size beef herd is
around 100 head.
The beef industry
In the US there are over forty
different breeds as well as
many crosses of these breeds.
The beef Industry
The breed produced may be
selected on many different
criteria:
The beef Industry
disease resistance, heat
tolerance, mothering ability,
feed efficiency, size,
temperament, or color.
The beef industry
Breeds of beef cattle are
broken into three categories or
groups
BritishAngus, Hereford, Shorthorn,
these were the first breeds
brought into this country, they
represent the largest segment
of the beef industry.
Continental European
Limousin, Simmental,
Charolais, Chianina, desired
for their size and ability to
grow
Zebu Breeds
Scientifically classified as
Bos indicus, the most
common type of Zebu is the
Braham.
Zebu Breeds
 Other breeds developed
form this line include;
Brangus, Simbrah, Santa
Gertrudis and Beefmaster.
4 Major Segments:
purebred operations
cow-calf operations
stocker operations
feedlot operations
Purebred operations
Purpose is to produce seed
stock cattle. These cattle are
used as the dams and sires of
the calves that will be grown to
market weight.
Purebred operations
Growing purebred stock
allows breeders to concentrate
on improving an accentuating
the advantages of a particular
breed.
Cow-Calf operations:
Most calves produced are
crossbreeds from purebred
parents of different breeds.
Cow-Calf operations:
Much of this industry is
centered in the southern and
western states, however, cowcalf operations are found all
across the country.
Cow-Calf operations:
In the west it is common to
leave cows on free range-not
fenced in until calving, at
weaning time all stock is
rounded up for the calves to be
sold.
Cow-Calf operations
Calves are usually sold at
weaning weight, around 500
pounds. Buyers prefer calves
that have been castrated and
vaccinated and are in good
condition.
Stocker operations:
Provide a step between the
weaning of calves and the
finishing or fattening of the
animals prior to slaughter.
Stocker operations
Weaned calves are placed on
pasture and fed a ration to
allow for skeletal and muscular
growth. Before calves are sold
to a feedlot for finishing they
must be physically mature.
Feedlot operations:
Many feedlot operators are
also stockers. Final phase
before the animals are sent to
slaughter.
Feedlot operations
Animals are fed a highly
concentrated ration which is
designed to put the proper
amount of fat cover on the
animals.
Feedlot operations
Producers usually want
sufficient fat cover to allow the
animals to grade low choice.
Feedlot operation:
Feedlots range in size from
feeding fewer than 100 head to
those feeding thousands of
head each year.
Feedlot operation
When animals reach the
proper degree of finish, they
are sold to slaughter. Usually
around 18 to 24 months,
weighing 800 to 1500 pounds
depending on breed and body
The Pork Industry
At one time in this country,
most people on farms raised
hogs. The animals required
relatively little space and fit
well into most enterprises as a
sideline.
The Pork Industry
Gestation period of a sow is
short, several pigs are born in
each litter.
The Pork Industry
Time required to build up a
herd of hogs is short compared
to most other agricultural
animals.
The Pork Industry
Hogs were once raised to
produce fat which was
rendered into lard.
The Pork Industry
Lard was used in cooking and
before petroleum based
products was the basic
ingredient in a variety of
products from lubricants to
cosmetics and soap
The Pork Industry
Since 1950 hogs have been
produced mainly for meat. Per
capita consumption of pork
increased. Producers have
developed hogs that are much
leaner than their ancestors.
The Pork Industry
As a pork producer, the US
ranks behind Asia and Europe.
The Pork Industry
Pork production and
consumption rank second to
beef in the US. Pork is
distributed throughout the
country. There are religious
groups that do not eat pork.
The Pork Industry
Popular breeds of swine in the
U.S. are categorized as mother
or sire breeds.
The Pork Industry
Mother breeds include:
Landrace and Yorkshire, sire
breeds are Duroc and
Hampshire.
Most hogs are crosses of the
mother and sire breeds.
2 phases of industry:
Farrowing- where sows give
birth to litters of pigs. Sows
are usually kept in farrowing
crates to prevent injury to the
piglets by the sow.
2 phases of industry
Finishing- taking feeder pigs
to market weight.
The Pork Industry
Many producers use
confinement systems. Pigs are
weaned and grouped with
other of the same age and size.
The animals are kept in pens
rather than running loose.
The Pork Industry
Hogs are marketed at about
20 weeks usually weighing
220-260 pounds.
The Pork Industry
On the average, pigs will gain
one pound for every five
pounds of feed consumed.
This is known as the feed
conversion ration.
The Pork Industry
Hogs are very susceptible to
diseases, many hogs are raised
in “shower in shower out”
operations.
The Pork Industry
 Workers and visitors must
shower and put clothes
provided by the producer, cuts
down on transmission of
diseases
The Sheep Industry
Compared to beef and pork,
Americans eat relatively little
lamb and mutton.
Lamb refers to meat from a
sheep that is less than one year
old.
The Sheep Industry
Large cities along the eastern
seaboard, account for almost
half of the lamb consumed.
The Sheep Industry
Per capita consumption of
lamb is only about 2 1/2
pounds. 96% of this
consumption is lamb.
The Sheep Industry
Americans have not
developed a taste for the strong
taste of mutton.
The Sheep Industry
Most lamb and mutton are
raised in the midwest. South
Dakota ranks fifth in lamb and
mutton production.
The Sheep Industry
Breeds of sheep are broken
down into categories according
to the type of wool the animals
grow.
The Sheep Industry
Medium wool types,
including Suffolk, Hampshire,
Corset and South Down are
commonly used to produce
slaughter lambs
The Sheep Industry
Predators are a major problem
facing producers.
Coyotes and wild dogs kill
many sheep each year.
The Sheep Industry
Some producers report losing
29% of their lamb crop to
predators each year.
The Wool Industry
Wool is one of the oldest
known fibers used for clothing.
use recorded by ancient
Greeks, Romans, Egyptians
and Hebrews.
The Wool Industry
 late 1800”s cotton production
began to overtake wool as the
primary clothing fiber.
The Wool Industry
Wool fibers are made up of
two distinct layers of cells: the
cuticle on the outside and the
cortex on the inside.
The Wool Industry
Wool is graded according to
the diameter of the fiber. Fine
diameter wools are the highest
grade.
The Wool Industry
When wool is cleaned, oils
are extracted from it, these oils
are called lanolin. Lanolin is
used in many soaps and lotions
The Wool Industry
Mohair is the fiber fleece
from Angora goats. This fiber
is used to make a fabric that
resists wrinkles.
The Horse Industry
First source of power. Used
for work, transportation and
war throughout recorded
history.
The Horse Industry
The numbers of horses and
mules in the U.S. grew until
the 1920’s when the car, truck
and tractor caused a sharp
decline in their numbers.
The Horse Industry
Numbers continued to decline
until the 1960’s. Since then,
numbers have increased
dramatically.
The Horse Industry
Horses are categorized into
three categories: light horse,
draft horse and pony.
The Horse Industry
light horses weigh over 9001400 pounds.
This group is further divided
into groups according to use.
The Horse Industry
Gaited saddle horses, driving
horses, stock horses, and
racehorses.
The Horse Industry
Ponies range in weight from
500-900 pounds. They may
also be defined by height at the
withers being shorter than 54
to 56 inches depending on the
breed.
The Horse Industry
Draft horses weigh more than
1400 pounds.
They are used for pulling
heavy loads and are seen in
pulling competitions and
parades.
The Horse Industry
There are more registered
Quarter horses than any other
breed in the US, Arabians rank
second.
Mules
The mule has its own place in
the history of America.
Around the Revolutionary
War, mules began to be bred to
work on farms and plantations.
Mules
Particularly popular in the
South, because they adapted
well to working in hot humid
weather
Mules
Mules are a true hybrid, a
cross between a male donkey
and a female horse. Because
of this, mules are usually
sterile and cannot reproduce.
Mules
Mules are more surefooted in
rocky or hilly terrain. They
are used to take tourists
through the Grand Canyon.
Mules will seldom overeat as
horses will.