Transcript Digestive System (2nd half)

Digestive System
(2nd half)
Tues, March 14
• Quiz – who’s not finished?
• Homework – any left to ‘count’ done by Friday
• Discovery Day – anyone interested who has
own ride?
• Correct ¾ of table
• Fitness and nutrition
• Labs – returned?
Wed, March 15
• Quiz – who’s not finished? Lucas R, Eve,
Ashton
• Homework – any left to ‘count’ done by Friday
• Discovery Day – anyone interested who has
own ride?
• Correct rest of table (D)
• Fitness and nutrition
• Labs – worksheet and labs returned
Enzyme
Place
(of action)
Salivary
amylase
Mouth
Pepsin
Stomach
Substrate
(molecule)
Starch,
glycogen
Products
Maltose
Origin
(of enzyme)
Salivary
glands
Stomach
glands
Protein
Peptides
Stomach
glands
Lipase
Sm. Int.
Fats
Glycerol,
fatty
acids
Pancreatic
amylase
Sm. Int
Starch
Maltose
Pancreas
Fats
Glycerol,
fatty
acids
Pancreas
Peptides
Simpler
peptides
Product of
enzymes from
pancreas and
duodenum
Maltose
Two
Glands in
glucose wall of small
molecules
int.
Pancreatic
lipase
Trypsin
Maltase
Sm. Int
Sm. Int
Sm. Int
Table 11-2
p. 365
http://www.ed.gov.nl.c
a/edu/k12/curriculum/
guides/science/bio220
1/appendix_A.pdf
Fitness and Nutrition (pg 370-371)
A healthy lifestyle includes good nutrition and exercise
Good nutrition provides
• energy for our bodies needs
• essential building materials
Exercise…
• Helps maintain a healthy weight
• Is important for muscle function, including those in the digestive system
• is recommended to treat some digestive disorders (IBS - irritable bowel
syndrome) and prevent others
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a healthy digestive system breaks down food
also need a healthy circulatory system to distribute those nutrients
To maintain a healthy weight (fig 11.13 pg
370) Canada’s Food Guide says:
• eat a variety of foods from all four food groups
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meats/meat alternatives
milk/dairy
fruits / vegetables
breads/cereals
• Only 30% of the calories to take in should come
from fat
• exercise 2 to 3 times a week
• drink lots of water (approx. 8 glasses daily)
April 17
• D slot - go over slides 11-14; check homework
(ileitis and colitis) – correct/go over/discuss
answers for gall stones, ulcers, ileitus and
colitis; take notes on “Alternative solutions to
a healthy diet and herbal supplements.
April 20
• C slot (Monday) – up to gall stones corrected;
discuss and take notes on eating disorders
(anorexia and bulimia)
• correct/go over/discuss answers for ileitus and
colitis
• Anorexia and bulimia
• take notes on “Alternative solutions to a healthy
diet and herbal supplements.
• D slot – magic school bus 25:55 to 51:04
• Tues – lab demo/activity;
Fitness
• the ability to adequately deal
with daily routine without
fatigue and still have energy left
over for recreational pursuits;
fitness implies a healthy
cardiovascular system.
• Regular exercise/physical activity
and good nutrition habits are
necessary to develop a strong
and vigorous body.
Health benefits of regular exercise include:
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increased lung capacity
increased strength, stamina and endurance
increased coordination, flexibility, balance and agility
improved posture
improved blood circulation
improved mental and physical performance
decreased stress and tension
prevents or alleviates many ailments of the heart, blood vessels, joints,
kidneys, brain and nerv. sys.
• helps control weight & decreases appetite
• decreased total cholesterol and increased HDL (the ‘good’ cholesterol that
clears arteries of plaque).
• Being fit and at a healthy weight contributes to total good health
Weight Loss
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If overweight, many people try to lose weight
healthy vs unhealthy ways
A healthy weight loss diet includes:
eat small amounts from all four food groups
cut down fat intake (forces body to use excess
fat)
• exercise more
• drink lots of water
Many ways of
unhealthy weight loss
Fad diets
• most focus on one food/nutrient and exclude others
• eg. Grapefruit diet, protein diet, carbohydrate diet
• They are dangerous and unhealthy
• important nutrients that the body needs are ignored
• better to change eating behaviours gradually.
– losing 2 lbs. a week is healthy
– more than 2lbs is not healthy, may lead to regain of
weight, and places too much stress on body
April 23
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C slot- last test for ‘lab’ - done
bulimia done? - done
Herbal supplements notes - done
Review sheets? For hw & body image - yes
Magic - done
Quiz back? - done
Handout – excretion – nope
Body image pics - nope
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D slot – last test for ‘lab’ - done
anorexia and bulimia? – on symptoms of anorexia – all done
Correct review sheets – first side
Quiz back? - done
Handout – excretion - nope
Hw – body image – yes
Body image pics - nope
Common Eating Disorders (p. 372-373)
• linked to lifestyle and
lifestyle choices.
• our society p laces great
value on being thin
• results in many quick and
unhealthy weight loss
options.
• more common in women
than in men.(why?)
Anorexia nervosa
• fear of gaining weight.
• very restrictive diet.
• people suffering from this usually weigh only 85% of their normal
mass.
• always see themselves as fat.
• Force-feeding is often necessary, and death can occur
Symptoms include:
• Low blood pressure
• Irregular heartbeat
• Menstruation stops
• Internal organ trouble
• Dry skin
Bulimia nervosa
• binge eating (eat a lot)followed by purging (elimination),
usually accomplished by vomiting or taking laxatives.
• may be associated with anorexia and obesity.
• individuals are concerned with body shape and mass.
Effects include:
• Damage to heart and kidneys
• Vomiting leads to damage of pharynx, esophagus, and
teeth
• Antidepressants may help patients.
Digestive Disorders (pg 369)
• our digestive system helps to keep us healthy
and maintains balance of our systems
• it provides nutrients as we need them and
stores some for later use.
• When the digestive system is impaired the
results vary depending on the
disease/disorder:
Ulcer (fig. 11.12, pg 369)
• stomach lining secretes mucus
(protection from the stomach acids)
• ulcers occur when acid gets past the
mucous and begins to erode the stomach
wall.
• an ulcer is a slow healing sore
• ulcers can have several causes including:
– acid resistant bacteria can attach to the
stomach wall and stop the production of
mucus
– lifestyle choices including smoking,
caffeine, alcohol, and stress
• treatments include: medication (reduce
acid production, increase mucous,
antibiotics etc), lifestyle changes, and
surgery
Gallstones: (pg 369)
• small hard masses that form in the
gallbladder.
• cholesterol in bile can precipitate
(solidify) out and crystallize.
• crystals grow and form gallstones
• Causes: obesity, excessive alcohol
use and heredity
• Treatments: medication or lithotripsy
(ultrasound shock waves break up
gallstones)
Ileitis (pg369-370)
• inflammation of the ileum (part of the small intestine)
• part of Crohn’s disease and a form of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD)
• inflammation extends deep into the lining of the infected
organ causing pain resulting in diarrhea.
• Difficult to diagnose because symptoms are similar to
ulcerative colitis - inflammation and ulcers occur in the top
layer of the lining of the colon (large intestine)
• seems to run in some families
• no cure but drugs are used to relieve pain
• surgery can be performed to remove the diseased segment
• the disease often reoccurs several years later.
Colitis (pg 370)
• inflammation and ulceration
of the colon lining
• symptoms: loose bloody stool,
abdominal cramps, skin
lesions, joint pain and failure
to grow normally in children
• treatments: medications,
surgery (entire bowel and
rectum are removed &
external opening, an
ileostomy, is created for waste
Alternative Solutions to a Healthy
Diet (pg370-371)
• many people get all nutrients from food,
including vitamins and minerals
• some people need another source
• they can take multivitamins to supplement what
they are not getting from their diet
• pg 370 tables 11.3 and 11.4 lists minerals,
vitamins; some food sources and what they are
used for in the body
• obviously if not obtained from diet they are still
needed in the body
Herbal Supplements
• other supplements commonly taken are herbal supplements
• typically made from wild plants; used for centuries as medicines
• few scientific supporters but many people DO believe in
preventative and healing effects
Common herbal remedies:
• St. John’s wort - to alleviate depression
• Echinacea - prevent/treat infections and colds; and improve
immune system
• ginkgo biloba - promote/maintain circulation; increase energy
April 27
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C slotReview sheet – second side – correct wed
Video and worksheet - done
Body image pics - done
Handout – excretion – not done
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D slot
Correct second side review sheet
Video and worksheet
Body image pics – nope
Handout – excretion - nope
April 29
• C slot• Review sheet – second side – done
• Handout – excretion – second side done; 1-3 hw (p.
374 1st par and 374-5 obj 3)
• Thurs - foldable
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D slot
Body image pics – 9, 11, 13, 14 left
Handout – excretion – yes and corrected
Thurs – foldable
Hw to do Thurs – Obj 1-3