Transcript BLM Pesticide Safety - Montana State University

Reeves Petroff
Pesticide Education
Specialist
Montana Cooperative
Extension Service
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Toxicity
Routes of exposure
PPE
1st Aid
What are pesticides?
Pesticides
• -cides
Herbicides
Insecticides
Rodenticides
Toxicity of Pesticides
Toxicity – capability of a
substance to cause injury
or death.
How poisonous
it is!
Risk?
Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure
Pesticide Injuries
Injuries – Mixing and Loading
• 60% of injuries
• Application - 38%
• 57% of all injuries are
systemic.
• About 25% are eye
injuries
• 37% of all
- law violations
– drift, no PPE
Herbicides – developed to kill plants.
- Skin, eye damage
- sensitization, allergic
Insecticides – true poisons
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Modern
Insecticides
• Organochlorines – DDT,
Enderin, Dieldrin,
Endosulfan
– Disrupts sodium
channels
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Organophosphates –
Parathion, Malathion, Di-syston, Cygon, Diazinon,
Dursban, Lorsban, Reldan, Guthion
- Cholinesterase inhibitor - irreversible
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Carbamates – Lannate, Furadan, Sevin
- Cholinesterase inhibitor - reversible
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Acetylcholine
Axon
Cholinesterase
Synapse
Axon
Cholinesterase Inhibition
Cholinesterase
Cholinesterase inhibitor
Neuron
Neuron
Antidotes for OP Poisoning
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OP – Atropine – stops nerve response
- 2 PAM chloride – restores function
Carbamates - Reversible
Atropine only
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TOXICITY
Pesticide’s power to kill or
cause serious damage to
the body.
Acute toxicity - after a single exposure or dose.
Symptoms occur within minutes of the exposure or
from 12 to 24 hours after the exposure has occurred.
Acute toxic effects are nearly always
the result of an accident or careless
handling.
Usually occurs with more toxic pesticides
Measuring Toxicity – LD50
Some Common Oral LD50 Values
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Aldicarb (Temik) (I) – ----------------------0.9
Ethyl parathion (I) - -------------------------3
Carbofuran (Furadan)(I) -------------------8
Methyl parathion (I) – ----------------------9
Caffeine-----------------------------------------200
2,4-D (H)----------------------------------------375
Table Salt---------------------------------------3750
Permethrin (Ambush) (I) ------------------4000
Imathamethabenz-methyl (Assert) (H)-->5000
Glyphosate (Roundup)(H)-------------------5600
Picloram (Tordon)(H)------------------------8200
Captan (F)--------------------------------------9000
Alcohol!
Dose makes the Poison!
Toxicity Testing
Lab Test Conducted
• Dermal – skin
• Oral
• Inhalation
• Eyes
Testing determines “signal words”
Signal Words
• Danger-Poison
0-50 oral LD50
• Danger
Corrosive(0-200
dermal LD50
• Warning
50-500 LD50
• Caution
>500 LD50
…..Signal Words…...
Indicate the relative acute toxicity of a
pesticide
Few drops to 1 Teaspoon
to kill
Highly toxic or
highly corrosive
Least Toxic - 1 Tablespoon to
a pint or more.
Moderately toxic - 1 Teaspoon To 1
Tablespoon to kill
CHRONIC TOXICITY
• The delayed effects of regular repeated
exposures over a long period of time.
• Long term health effects
– Potential
tumors
Occurs
often with
least toxic
pesticides
– people
become careless
– Birth
defects
due to low toxicity rating
– Reproductive effects
– Systemic effects
– Allergic effects
What part of a pesticide operation is usually the most
hazardous? Why?
What toxic effect is usually the result of
an accident?
True or False
A high LD50 means that something is very poisonous.
A compound with an oral LD50 of 0-20 would
probably get which signal word?
True or False.
LD50 is a good measure of chronic
toxicity.
SYSTEMIC
EFFECTS
Usually a result of long-term
chronic exposure
Pesticide-caused
Anemia, no clotting
Usually affects:
Trembles, neuropathy
Circulatory System
Nervous System
Rashes, sores that won’t heal
Skin
Emphysema, asthma
Lungs
Liver and Kidneys
Jaundice, kidney failure
ALLERGIC
EFFECTS
Photosensitivity
Influenced by genetics
Become Sensitized
Pesticide-triggered
Allergic reaction - Asthma or even shock, ---Skin irritation,
rashes, blisters, or open sores. Eye, nose and throat irritation,
such as itchy, watery eyes; sneezing and tightness in the throat,
Pesticides and the Body
Routes of Exposure
Where most
pesticide exposures
occur!
EC = + absorption
Cuts,
scrapes,
hot ‘n sweaty
Remove
Wash
Change
Doctor if feeling ill
Usually
accidental
Improper
storage
Induce
vomiting?
Vapors,
mists
--Mixing-when
pouring
--Mixing -when
pouring
Accidents
Pesticide
Poisoning
Symptoms
Can be confused with:
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Flu
Heat injuries
Food poisoning
Asthma
Symptoms may be delayed 12 – 24 hours after exposure
Heat Injuries Look Like
Pesticide Injuries
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Heat Injuries
Pesticide Injuries
Sweating
Headache
Fatigue
Dry Membranes
Dry Mouth
No tears or spit
Fast pulse
Dilated pupils
Confusion
Loss of coordination
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Sweating
Headache
Fatigue
Moist Membranes
Salivation, spit, tears
Slow pulse
Pinpoint Pupils
Confusion
Loss of coordination
Basic First Aid
• Clear the Airway
• Maintain Breathing
• Maintain Circulation – stop bleeding, treat
for shock
• Prevent the Disability – stop contamination
• Prevention is best 1st aid.
• Is there anything you need to
know ahead of time?
Is special PPE
required?
Take the label to the hospital!
Do not induce vomiting unless the label directs it!
Only atropine is used to counteract the effects of
what type of insecticide.
The onset of _______ symptoms within 12-24
hours of pesticide spraying may indicate
pesticide poisoning
What Signal word best indicates the corrosive effects of a
pesticide?
Most pesticide exposures are to what part of the
body?
Protecting your Bod!
• Skin
• Eyes
• Ingestion
• Inhalation
Rates of Absorption
Gloves
• Unlined gloves (BLM)
• Do Not Wear Leather
Gloves!
• Do Not Wear exam
gloves!
• Check for holes often!
• Want at least 14 mils
Gloves
Glove Material Classification
A-- Dry or water based pesticide formulation.
B---Pesticide with acetate as the carrier solvent.
C---Pesticide with alcohol as the carrier solvent.
D---Pesticide with halogenated hydrocarbons as the carrier.
E---Pesticide with ketones (acetone) as the carrier solvent.
Poast Plus®, Weedone 638®, 2,4-D LV 6 Ester®
F---Pesticide with ketone and aromatic petroleum distillate
mixtures as the carrier solvent. Example - Di-syston 8®
G---Pesticide with aliphatic petroleum distillates ( such as
kerosene, petroleum oil or mineral oil as the carrier solvent.
Example - Guthion 2L®
H---Pesticide carrier = aromatic petroleum distillates ( xylene)
Glove Material
• Nitrile – Good overall protection, $2.39/pr
• Neoprene – Softer, better dexterity - $5.16
• Natural Rubber – Use only on dry or water
based formulations - $11-18.00/pr
• Butyl – For High Toxicity Pesticides - $18.45
• PVC – Anyhydrous ammonia - $4.00/pr
• Viton – Superior Protection but $174.50/pr
- Coveralls –
BLM Standards
- Handling & Application
(H-9011-1 Chemical Pest Control)
Coveralls
• For Toxicity Class III or IV –
Cotton (tight weave), Kleenguard®
coveralls
• For Toxicity Class (II) – Possibly
cotton, Tyvek.
• For Toxicty Class I – PVC,
Nitrile, Tychem®, sealed or serged
seams.
Woven Materials
Laminated
vs.
Woven
PVC
Polyethylene coated Tyvek
Protecting Your Head
BLM
H-9011-1
pg. II-6
Straw Hat?
Ball Cap?
No.
No..No
Yes!
Eye
Protection
Required
for
pouring or
mixing
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Goggles
Face Shields
Safety Glasses
But never wear
contacts when
spraying pesticides!!!
Respirators
What does a respirator do?
A respirator filters out substances or blocks
gases or vapors that can cause harm to the
lungs (route of exposure)
Types of respirators?
DUST/MIST
TC-21C
Types of Respirators
Cartridge
• Gases & Vapors
• Color-coded
– Black – organic vapors
– Green – Anhydrous Ammonia
– Purple - HEPA
• Prefilters
– N, P, or R
– 95 or 100 % efficiency
Washing
Pesticide
Contaminated
Clothing
INCLUDES PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Any
clothing or
equipment used to
apply pesticides
should be considered
to be contaminated and
should be cleaned.
AND UNDERCLOTHING:
DO YOU HAVE THE LABEL ON HAND?
WHAT IS THE RELATIVE
TOXICITY OF THE
PESTICIDE?
SIGNAL WORDS
Wear Gloves
when
handling
contaminated
clothing
ANY SPECIAL LAUNDERING
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE LABEL?
Separate from other items of the family
laundry.
Store in separate containers and mark
them.
Does the person doing the laundry
know?
Pre-treat – Wash in a
bucket and hang on
line to dry.
Use the rinse water for upcoming
spraying activities
• Separate from family laundry.
• Use a full tub of water
• Hottest water possible – 120 to 140oF
Maximum load setting - lots of circulation
around clothing
No less than a 12 minute cycle.
Choose a heavy-duty liquid detergent.
Keep PPE as clean as
possible.
Multiple
laundering is
recommended!
Signal Word!
Clean the washer after use. Swab down the
inside of the washer tub.
Run an empty cycle with detergent and hot water
before the washer is used to launder family items.
T or F You should never wash pesticides in hot
water.
T or F It is okay to wear contacts when
spraying pesticides as long as you have
other eye protection.
True or False
Eye protection is required for BLM applicators when mixing and
pouring.
BLM policy requires that gloves used to handle
pesticide be ___________.
What type of headgear is required
of BLM applicators?
PROTECT YOURSELF
Pesticides are designed to kill something!
Don’t let it be you!