Transcript Pesticide Safety - Montana State University

Pesticide Safety
Protecting Yourself
Pesticides
• Insecticides
• Herbicides
• Fungicides
Pesticide Injuries
Injuries – Mixing and Loading
• 60% of injuries
• Application makes up
less than ½ (38%)
• Over ½ (57%) of
injuries are systemic.
• About 25% are eye
injuries
Toxicity of Pesticides
Toxicity – capability of a
substance to cause injury
or death.
How poisonous
it is!
Risk?
• Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure
What is a Formulation
• How a pesticide is
packaged.
• Contains:
– Active Ingredient
– Inert Ingredient
Types of formulations
• Wet
– More easily absorbed
• Dry
– More easily inhaled
Liquid Formulations
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EC –emulsifiable concentrate
S - soluble
ULV – ultra low volume
F or FL - flowables
ME – micro-encapsulated
Dry Formulations
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WP – Wettable powder
DF – Dry Flowable
WDG – Water Dispersable Granule
D - Dust
P or G – Pellets or Granules
M or ME – Micro-Encapsulated
Capture 2 EC
Counter 15G
Benlate SP
Effects of Different Formulations
Formulation
Hazards
Phytox
Equipment
Agitate
Compatible
WP
DF/WDG
SP
EC
F or FL
S
D
G or P
M or ME
Inhale
Safe
Dusts
Dermal
Dermal
Dermal
Inhale
Inhale
Dermal
Safe
Safe
Safe
Maybe
Maybe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
abrasive
abrasive
Non-abrasive
Seals, gaskets
abrasive
Non-abrasive
NA
NA
Generally ok
Yes
Yes
Some
No
Yes
No
NA
NA
Yes
High
Good
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
NA
NA
Fair
Routes of Exposure
Rates of Absorption
Acute and Chronic Toxicity
• Acute Exposure
• Immediate effects of a
single, short term
dose.
• All routes are
considered during
testing..dermal, oral,
eye and inhalation
Measuring Toxicity – LD50
Some Common Oral LD50 Values
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Aldicarb (Temik) (I) – ----------------------0.9
Ethyl parathion (I) - -------------------------3
Carbofuran (Furadan)(I) -------------------8
Methyl parathion (I) – ----------------------9
Caffeine-----------------------------------------200
2,4-D (H)----------------------------------------375
Table Salt---------------------------------------3750
Permethrin (Ambush) (I) ------------------4000
Imathamethabenz-methyl (Assert) (H)-->5000
Glyphosate (Roundup)(H)-------------------5600
Picloram (Tordon)(H)------------------------8200
Captan (F)--------------------------------------9000
Signal Words
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Danger-Poison (I)
Danger (I)
Warning (II)
Caution (III)
Caution (IV)
…..Signal Words…...
Indicate the relative toxicity of a pesticide
Chronic Toxicity
• The delayed effects of repeated exposures
over a long period of time.
• Effects evaluated in the lab include
– Potential tumors
– Birth defects
– Reproductive effects
Material Safety Data Sheets
• Provide details on both
acute and chronic
exposures.
• Provides basis for
protective gear (PPE)
• WWW.greenbook.net
Other Label Information
Agricultural Use Requirements
REI’s
Pesticide
Poisoning
Protecting your Bod!
• Skin
• Eyes
• Ingestion
• Inhalation
Coveralls
• For Toxicity Class III or IV –
Cotton (tight weave), Kleenguard®
coveralls
• For Toxicity Class (II) – Possibly
cotton, Tyvek.
• For Toxicty Class I – PVC,
Nitrile, Tychem®, sealed or serged
seams.
Woven Materials
Laminated
vs.
Woven
PVC
Polyethylene coated Tyvek
Gloves
• Want unlined gloves!
• Do Not Wear Leather
Gloves!
• Do Not Wear exam
gloves!
• Check for holes often!
• Want 14 mils or
higher!
Glove Material
• Nitrile – Good overall protection, $2.39/pr
• Neoprene – Softer, better dexterity - $5.16
• Natural Rubber – Use only on dry or water
based formulations - $11-18.00/pr
• Butyl – For High Toxicity Pesticides - $18.45
• PVC – Anyhydrous ammonia - $4.00/pr
• Viton – Superior Protection but $174.50/pr
Glove Material Classification
A---Any dry or water based pesticide formulation.
B---Any pesticide with acetate as the carrier solvent.
C---Any pesticide with alcohol as the carrier solvent.
Example - Comite®
D---Any pesticide with halogenated hydrocarbons as the carrier.
E---Any pesticide with ketones (such as acetone) as the carrier
solvent.
Example - Poast Plus®, Weedone 638®, 2,4-D LV 6 Ester®
F---Any pesticide with ketone and aromatic petroleum distillate
mixtures as the carrier solvent. Example - Di-syston 8®
G---Any pesticide with aliphatic petroleum distillates ( such as
kerosene, petroleum oil or mineral oil as the carrier solvent.
Example - Guthion 2L®
H---Any pesticide that has aromatic petroleum distillates (such as
xylene) as the carrier solvent.
Gloves
Protecting Your Head
Straw Hat?
Ball Cap?
No.
No..No
Yes!
Eye
Protection
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Goggles
Face Shields
Safety Glasses
But never wear
contacts when
spraying pesticides!!!
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Heat Stress While Spraying Pesticides
• Pesticide users are
at higher risk…
– More clothing
– Toxic environments
– Other stress factors
• Hard work
• More exposed to sun
• Difficult to drink water
Heat Exhaustion
• Overheating of the body due to excessive
loss of water or, in rare cases, salt
depletion.
• Symptoms include:
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thirst, headache
Pallor
Dizziness
possibly nausea or vomiting.
In severe cases, your heart may race and
you may feel disoriented.
Heat Stroke
• Body's thermoregulatory system stops working.
• Many of the symptoms are the same as for heat
exhaustion.
• But there are additional symptoms
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cessation of sweating
difficulty walking
disorientation and fainting or;
unconsciousness
Heat Stroke can permanently
damage your health
If you get heatstroke once, you may
be likely to get it again.
First Aid For Heat Exhaustion
• Stop what you are doing and get out of the sunpreferably into an air-conditioned building.
• Drink water or, better still, a sports beverage,
taking it slowly rather than gulping it down.
• If you don't feel better within 30 minutes, go to a
hospital emergency room.
• Heat Stroke is generally not fatal but heat stroke
can be!!
First Aid For Heat Stroke
• Key symptom to look for is disorientation. A
person who is functioning well mentally isn't in
danger. Someone who's becoming "jelly
brained“ is in trouble.
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Pack ice around the patient’s neck, armpit and groin.
Splash water on the skin, and fan them.
Elevate the legs.
If the person is conscious, give plenty of fluids--1 to 2
quarts--preferably a sports beverage, but water's fine.
• The person will probably be nauseated and may not
want to drink anything, but fluids are essential.
Preventing Heat Injuries
• Drink water (1 quart per
hour when hot!)
• Eat to replace
electrolytes
• Rest breaks!
• Acclimatize!
• Watch for low humidity.
You may not appear to
be sweating but it is
evaporating. You become
less cautious
Heat Injuries Look Like Pesticide Injuries
Heat Injuries
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Sweating
Headache
Fatigue
Dry Membranes
Dry Mouth
No tears or spit
Fast pulse
Dilated pupils
Confusion
Loss of coordination
Pesticide Injuries
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Sweating
Headache
Fatigue
Moist Membranes
Salivation, spit, tears
Slow pulse
Pinpoint Pupils
Confusion
Loss of coordination
Be Safe