Transcript Introduction to Psychology - Raleigh Charter High School

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
(6th Ed)
Chapter 6
Perception
James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University
Worth Publishers
Perception
Selective Attention
focus of conscious
awareness on a
particular stimulus
Testing Selective
Attention
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual OrganizationGestalt
Visual Capture
tendency for vision to dominate the
other senses
Grouping
the perceptual tendency to organize
stimuli into coherent groups
Perceptual OrganizationGestalt
Gestalt- an organized whole
tendency to integrate pieces of information
into meaningful wholes
Grouping Principles
proximity- group nearby figures together
similarity- group figures that are similar
continuity- perceive continuous patterns
closure- fill in gaps
connectedness- spots, lines and areas are
seen as unit when connected
Perceptual OrganizationIllusory Contours
Perceptual Organization
Figure and Ground
organization of the
visual field into objects
(figures) that stand
out from their
surroundings (ground)
PerceptualOrganizationGrouping Principles
PerceptualOrganizationGrouping Principles
Gestalt
grouping
principles
are at
work here.
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Depth Perception
ability to see objects in three dimensions
allows us to judge distance
Binocular cues
retinal disparity
images from the two eyes differ
closer the object, the larger the disparity
convergence
neuromuscular cue
two eyes move inward for near objects
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Visual Cliff
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Monocular Cues
relative size
smaller image is more distant
interposition
closer object blocks distant object
relative clarity
hazy object seen as more distant
texture
coarse --> close
fine --> distant
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Relative Size
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.)
relative height
higher objects seen as more distant
relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster
linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance
relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter
Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception
Perspective Techniques
Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging despite
changes in retinal image
color
shape
size
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual OrganizationMuller-Lyer Illusion
Perceptual OrganizationSize-Distance Relationship
Perceptual OrganizationBrightness Contrast
Sensory RestrictionBlakemore & Cooper, 1970
Kittens raised
without exposure to
horizontal lines
later had difficulty
perceiving
horizontal bars.
Perceptual
Interpretation
Perceptual Adaptation
(vision) ability to adjust to an
artificially displaced visual field
prism glasses
Perceptual Set
a mental predisposition to
perceive one thing and not another
Perceptual SetSchemas
What you see in the
center is influenced
by perceptual set
Perceptual SetSchemas
Flying Saucers or Clouds?
Perceptual SetHuman Factors
Perceptual SetHuman Factors
10
Altitude
(thousands
of feet)
Pilot’s perceived
descent path
8
6
Altitude looks
this much higher
4
Actual
descent
path
2
0
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
Distance from runway (miles)
2
Perception without
Sensation?
Extrasensory Perception
controversial claim that perception can occur
apart from sensory input
telepathy
clairvoyance
precognition
Parapsychology
the study of paranormal phenomena
ESP
psychokinesis