Transcript Introduction to Psychology

Perception
The process of organizing
and interpreting sensory
information
Perceptual Organization:

Gestalt

an organized whole
 tendency to
integrate pieces of
information into
meaningful wholes
Perceptual Organization

Figure and Ground

organization of the visual field into objects
(figures) that stand out from their surroundings
(ground)
Perceptual Organization

Grouping
 the perceptual tendency to organize
stimuli into coherent groups
Perceptual Organization:
Grouping Principles
Perceptual Organization:
(Closure)

Gestalt
grouping
principles
are at
work here.
Perceptual Organization

Depth Perception (seeing objects in 3D)
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Binocular cues
 Retinal disparity:
 Brain compares perception of both eyes for close objects
Monocular cues
Distance of object determines which is in effect
Perceptual Organization
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Monocular Cues
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relative size
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smaller image is more distant
interposition

object that partially blocks another perceived as closer
relative clarity

hazy object seen as more distant
texture
coarse --> close
fine --> distant
Perceptual Organization
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Monocular Cues (cont.)
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relative height
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higher objects seen as more distant
relative motion
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closer objects seem to move faster
linear perspective

parallel lines converge with distance
Light and shadow

the darker the farther away
Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Adaptation:

our brains ability to change its ideas and expectations about
how things should be
Perceptual Organization:

Based on many factors:
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experience
culture
emotions
beliefs
context
individual motivation
perceptual sets
Pain
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Biological influences
Psychological influences
Social-cultural influences
=

Our pain experience
Extra Sensory Perception

Four main types:

telepathy

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thought transference from one person to another
clairvoyance

the perception of objects, events, etc., that do not
provide stimulus to the known senses
Extra Sensory Perception

Four main types:

precognition

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perceptions of a future event
psychokinesis

manipulation of objects by mental will without
intervention of any known physical force