Transcript World Religions

Unit 10
Religions of the World
Introduction to Religion
Poster found next to September 11th memorial
I. Religion is a system of belief and
worship.
II. Why do we have religion?
1. To explain mysteries and
things beyond human
control
2. To give values or
guidelines about how to get
along with others in society
3. To pass down traditions
and teachings
III.
Characteristics of religion are…
A.
belief in a deity or in a
power beyond the individual
1. monotheism is the
belief in one
supreme god
2. polytheism is the
belief in many gods
3.
animism is the
belief that natural
objects have spirits
4.
Atheism is the
belief that there is
no God
Fujin
Shinto wind kami
Shiva
the destroyer or liberator
B. a doctrine (accepted teaching)
of salvation or saving
C. a code of conduct - moral
teachings and values
D. use of sacred stories
1. to detail origins
2. symbolic expression of
ideal values
E. religious rituals (acts and
ceremonies)
1. prayer
2. symbolize events
Muslim praying
Hollywood’s
depiction of the
Exodus
Birth of Buddha
IV. The 5 major religions are…
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hinduism
Judaism
Buddhism
Christianity
Islam
The Ka’bah
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
The Wailing Wall - Jerusalem, Israel
What is Your Religion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is your religion’s belief about a deity or power
beyond the individual?
What does your religion teach about salvation?
What morals and values does your religion teach?
What is one of your religion’s sacred stories?
What is one of your religion’s rituals?
IV. World Religions
A.
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.
Judaism
Judaism is an ethnic religion
a. Jews are born into their faith
b There are 12 million Jews spread
across the world half of which live in
U.S.
2. Origins
 a. the first of the three religions based from the
people of Abraham.
 b. founded in Middle East 3500 years ago by
Moses.
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3. Beliefs
a. Is a monotheistic religion – there is one God
b. The Jewish people are the chosen people
c. In exchange for all the good that God has
done for the Jewish people, Jewish people
keep God’s laws and try to bring holiness
into every aspect of their lives.
4. Religious Text
 a. Tenakh- The Old Testament
 b. Torah- first 5 books of the Old Testament
that contain the teachings of Moses from God.
 c. Talmud- collection of writings of thoughts
and discussions of rabbis.
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5. Worship
 a. Synagogues – meeting place for worship
 b. Rabbis lead worship with singing and
readings from the Torah in Hebrew.
 Yarmulke- a skull cap worn during worship
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6. Holy Days
a. Yom Kippur (day of atonement)- 10 days after the
Jewish New Year.
b. Passover- in April marks the day the Jewish people
were saved from the Plague in Egypt.
c. Hanukkah -The word Hanukkah means
rededication and commemorates the Jews' struggle
for religious freedom.
d. Sabbath- Jewish holy day starts sunset Friday and
last till sunset Saturday.
Lighting the Menorah
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7. Holocaust- the persecution and extermination of 6
million Jews by the Nazis during WWII.
Zionism- ideology based on the desire for a
homeland. Helped lead to the formation of Israel in
1948.
Judaism Video……..Describe the following:
1.
Judaism branches:
2.
Judaism holy books:
3.
Prophets:
4.
The Covenant:
5.
Holy days/Events:
6.
Influence of the religion on daily life:
B. Christianity
 Originated in the 1st century CE
 The 2nd of 3 religions beginning with Abraham
 monotheistic
 Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Beliefs
Believe in one God
Believe that Jesus was the Messiah
promised in the Old Testament.
Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
God sent his Son to earth to save
humanity from the consequences of its
sins. (salvation)
The Holy Trinity
2. Religious Scriptures
a.
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The Bible
Old Testament- same as Jewish Tenakh
New Testament- life and teachings of
Jesus. Tells how to reach salvation.
3. Worship
 a. Churches- places of worship
 b. led by priest
 c. ceremonies- place for baptisms, weddings,
funerals, confirmation.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. Religious Holidays
Christmas- Birth of Jesus Christ
Good Friday- The death of Christ
Easter- The resurrection of Christ
Lent- Period before Easter when Christians
remember their sins
Christ on the cross ©
5. Branches of Christianity
a.
b.
c.
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Protestant
Baptist church in Alabama
Cathedral of St
Basil, Moscow
Pope Benedict XVI, formerly
6. The diffusion of Christianity
 a. Christian missionaries have helped
spread the faith around the world.
 b. European colonialism help spread
Christianity into North and South America.
Christianity Video……..Describe the following:
2.
Christian branches:
3.
Christian holy books:
4.
How Christianity Spread
5.
Worship/Rituals
C. Islam - fastest growing religion
1.
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What do Muslims Believe?
God or Allah spoke to prophets including
Abraham,Moses, and Jesus.
God also spoke to Muhammad in 7th
century A.D. and Muhammad founded
Islam.
One God – Allah
People should purify themselves through
submission to Allah’s will.
2. Religious Scriptures
a.
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The Qur’an (Koran)
Revelations received by Muhammad from
God.
Hadith – sayings of Muhammad
Sunnah - the examples of Muhammad
3. The Five Pillars of Islam
a.
b.
c.
1st pillar: Shahada- “There is no God but
Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger
of Allah”
2nd Pillar: Salat- Muslims will pray five
times a day towards Mecca.
3rd Pillar: Zakat- almsgivings or giving to
the sick and poor.
d. 4th Pillar: Sawm- Fasting during Ramadan
No food or drink from dawn till sunset.
e. 5th Pillar: Hajj- Make a Pilgrimage to
Mecca at least once during life
4. Worship
a. Mosque- place Muslims go to worship
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Leave shoes outside & wash before
entering Mosque
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Everyone sits on the floor
b. Imam- Religious teachers that lead
prayers.
5. Sects- after death of Muhammad, Islam
Broke into 2 sects
a.
b.
Sunnis- are orthodox Muslims who follow
traditional path shown by Muhammad.
Comprise Majority & believe leader
should be elected.
Shiites- Believe leader should be a blood
relation to Muhammad. Hold Majority in
Iran and Iraq.
6. Diffusion of Islam
1.
2.
3.
Kings of Arabian Peninsula were
converted to Islam in 7th century C.E. and
used armies to spread Islam to Northern
Africa.
Through trade routes spread Islam to
Southeast Asia.
Migration of Muslims to Europe and
North America.
Map of diffusion
D. Hinduism
Notes
D. Hinduism
1. no founder – a combo of ancient
Indus River Valley & Aryan beliefs
2.
religious texts – the Vedas & the
Upanishads, Bhagavad-Gita
3.
goal is to reach enlightenment or
moksha and to become one with
Brahman (supreme being) again
a. all Hindu gods are
representations of
Brahman -- 3 main gods –
Brahma, Vishnu & Shiva
b. usually not reached in one
lifetime
4. major beliefs
a. reincarnation – rebirth of
the soul into a new body –
can happen many times
(aka. samsara)
b. karma – a collection of the
good and bad deeds of one’s
Hindus consider cows to be sacred.
life and previous lives
c. dharma – a code of conduct
one must follow to get good
karma
d. all life is sacred
5. Hinduism & the caste sys. dominated
Wheel is often used to every aspect of peoples lives.
symbolize samsara
Hinduism: Caste System
Enlightenment
1000s of
subcastes
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Brahmin
priests & scholars
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Kshatriya
warriors & nobles
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1. Class system you are
born into
2. Class structure has
assigned diff. tasks to
each group – caste
system
a.
brahmins –
priests
b.
kshatriyas –
rulers & warriors
c.
vaishyas –
peasants &
traders
d.
shudras –
laborers
Vaisya
common people:
merchants, artisant, farmers,
herders
Sudra
unskilled laborers
3.
Untouchables, Outcastes, Dalits, Harijans
recent arrivals (foreigners), committed serious crimes, broke their dharma
dealt with impure tasks – working with dead, animals, cleaning
untouchables/outcast
es – butchers, gravediggers, collectors of
trash--so low, not seen
Buddhism
I. founded by Siddhartha Gautama (SG)
A. Indian prince – K. caste
1.raised in a sheltered
palace to avoid 4 sights of
suffering
2.if seen, SG would b/cm a
holy man
3.SG saw them
B. SG gave up lux. life to find out
why ppl suffer
C. in search he found enlightenment or
nirvana ending samsara
1. nirvana can be reached in 1
life
2. very sig. b/c it rejects the
caste sys.
D. from time of nirvana SG = Buddha (B)
E. Sid’s teachings collected in the
Tipitaka
II. Major Beliefs
A. Four Noble Truths
1. sorrow & suffering
are part of life
2. ppl suffer b/c they
want things they
can’t have
3. overcome desire –
reach a state of notwanting
4. to reach nirvana,
follow the middle
way (aka. Eightfold
Path)
B. Three Universal Truths
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Sikkhism
Sikhism: Mostly found in the Punjab
state of India. Founded by Guru Nanek
16th century.
5th largest religion 23 million
Sikhism is a monotheistic religion core
beliefs include:
One God
All are equal under God
Sikhism stresses the importance of doing
good actions rather than merely carrying
out rituals
Sikhs believe that the way to lead a good
life is to progress from a self centered
existence to a “God centered existence.
Prohibits- Smoking, drinking alcohol,
and drugs
Wear a Turban over uncut hair 99%
of people wearing turban in U.S. are
Sikh.
5 articles of faith carried at all
times(5K’s)
Spiritual Leader – Guru
Sikh Gurus
V. Other Religions
A. The Eastern Religions.
These religions are often
practiced together or in
conjunction with Buddhism
1. Shinto: animistic
religion stressing
that natural objects
such as mountains,
trees, rocks, the
sun, moon, and rain
all have spirits or
kami, and should be
revered. Found
mostly in japan
2. Confucianism: series of proverbs
stating that people should live a good
life in a disciplined society stressing
ceremony, duty, morality, and public
service.
3. Taoism: stresses that a person's life
should not be controlled by rules, laws,
and ceremonies, but should lead
simple, peaceful lives in harmony with
their natural surroundings and their
own inner nature.
C.
Jains believe that every human is
responsible for his/her actions and
all living beings have an eternal
soul, jiva. Believe in non-violence.
Jains believe all souls can be
liberated, moksha.
Ancient Religion out of India
4.2 million
Non violence
Vegetarian
No Gods
Reincarnation
Voodoo Shrine
D. Traditional (tribal):
animistic religion
practiced for centuries in
remote parts of the world.
While it varies from place
to place and is not
organized as one single
religion, traditional
religions have a lot in
common with each other.
Australian Aborigines
India
Maori of New Zealand