Transcript HCIA 350 Materials and Construction I

ARTI 350
Materials and Construction I
The Physical Makeup
of the
Built Environment
Interior Architecture
Can Be
Compartmentalized
• The built environment is often compartmentalized,
broken up into smaller, manageable parts, in large part
for convenience.
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There are three primary methods of doing this:
1. By materials
2. By function
3. By location
Materials
• Materials:
• the built world is described in terms of the materials that makeup the
specific elements involved.
• wood
• brick
• stone
glass
plastic
soil
metal
water
clay
These are general descriptors. There are many types of wood, metal,
plastic, et cetera.
Function
• Function:
• the built world is described in terms of the function, the task, that the
element performs.
• door
• alarm
• trim
window
stair
partition
ceiling
wall
screen
signage
floor
duct
Location
• Location
• the built world is described in terms of the location (or orientation) of
the element.
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• rafter
header
column
beam
• transom
pediment
attic
clerestory
• riser
tread
landing
A word about ‘Function’
• Designers think about ‘function’ as a multi-dimensional
characteristic.
• Designers often view ‘function’ as consisting of:
• Use:
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Does it work?
Ink bottles should not tip over.
Shoes should not hurt feet.
• Need:
needs.
Needs vary, as individuals vary. Beauty and pleasure can be
Function
• Telesis:
"The deliberate, purposeful utilization of the processes
of nature and society to obtain particular goals." Dictionary”
• The telesic content of a design must reflect the times and conditions
that have given rise to it, and must fit in with the general human
socio-economic order in which it is to operate." Victor Papanek,
“Design for the Real World”, p 34-51
• Association:
Our psychological conditioning, often going
back to earliest childhood memories, comes into play and
predisposes us to or against certain values. Designers must
recognize that conditioning and work with it.
Function
• Aesthetics:"A theory of the beautiful in the area of taste and art.”
• "It is a tool, one of the most important in the repertory of the
designer. A tool that helps in shaping forms and colors into entities
that move us, please us, and are beautiful, exciting, filled with
delight, meaningful.”
• Method:
The interaction of tools, processes and materials.
• An honest use of materials.
• Never making one thing look like another.
• Integrity.
• The text book, “Sustainable Building Systems and
Construction for Designers” provides “a holistic
overview of the building construction process with an
emphasis on the design and construction of sustainable
interiors for interior designers.”
• Chapter 1 addresses how designers work within a team
structure, groups and agencies that are involved with
energy, environment, and sustainability, and some of the
foundation principles of the environmental movement.
• Class lectures will not re-present material in the
readings. As a university student it is your obligation to
read the book, keep a list of questions, and ask them in
class. My lectures will often present material that is
different from what the textbook presents.
• structural terms
• it is important to have a clear and accurate
understanding of commonly used
structural terminology. the terms apply to
all construction technology--from furniture
design to parking garages
• force
• in mechanics, the physical quantity which,
when it acts on a body, either causes it to
change its state of motion [acceleration] or
tends to deform it [elastic strain]. forces
are vector quantities with direction as well
as magnitude.
• compression: the force which tends to
shorten a structural member
• tension: the force which tends to
lengthen a structural member
• shear: parallel forces acting in opposite
directions
Forces: compression, tension, shear
• span: the distance between the supports
of a structural member
• simple beam: a beam resting on two
supports
• cantilever beam: a beam which projects
from a single support
span
simple beam
cantilever beam
• bending moment : the tendency of forces, compression and
tension, to cause rotation in different parts of a beam.
• Considerations
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• because structures enclose and determine the configurations of
spaces, their design is of great importance to an interior designer.
some of the structural decisions which have great impact on interior
space planning are:
• the distances between support walls and/or columns
• the ratio of openings to solids in exterior walls
• the locations of openings in exterior walls
• the amount of building volume consumed by structure
• the interference of the structure with building systems,
such as mechanical and electrical services
• the amount of deflection in floor and ceiling surfaces
• locations where the structure may be safely punctured
for vertical mechanical, electrical, and plumbing risers
• the character of the structural system as it is perceived
and experienced from interior spaces
• the flexibility of the structural system with regard to future
changes in interior planning.
• column: a vertical supporting element
• beam: a horizontal element
• Note: the terminology used in design is largely
descriptive of HOW an element is used
• (a piece of wood 2 x 4 used in a horizontal orientation is
a 'beam', while the very same piece of wood 2 x 4 used
in a vertical orientation is then a column)
Columns:
doric, ionic, corinthian
Beams
• The built interior environment has changed
• dramatically as human needs have expanded/increased
in response to new technologies.
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Try to imagine living without:
heating systems (a furnace with duct work)
cooling systems (refrigerators, air conditioning)
lighting systems (overhead lighting, track lights)
communication systems (telephones)
transportation systems (elevators, escalators)
• Each of these areas of need/desire, have
• had huge impacts on the character of the
interior/architectural environment.
• Elevators did not exist before 1830, central
air conditioning did not exist before the
early 1900’s.