Transcript Ch. 13 Notes---Electrons in Atoms

Ch. 4 Notes---Nomenclature: Chemical Names & Formulas
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Ionic Compounds (“________”):
salts
metal
– Name or formula starts with a _________
(or NH4 +, ammonium).
– Other quick ways to tell if the compound is ionic:
• formula uses parentheses
Ca(OH)2
Example: ________________
• formula contains more than 2 elements (capital letters)
FeCrO4
Example: ________________
• name uses Roman numerals
lead(II) chloride
Example: ________________
• name ends in “-ate” or “ite”.
barium sulfate
Example: _________________
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molecules
Molecular Compounds (“____________”):
nonmetal
– Name or formula starts with a ____________
(exception: NH4 +)
– Other quick ways to tell if the compound is molecular:
• Name has prefixes and also ends in “-ide”. (It must have
both!)
carbon dioxide dinitrogen pentoxide
Examples: _________________,_______________________
Naming Ionic Compounds
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Just use your ion sheet and find the names of the ions.
cation name
anion name
Practice Problems: Name the following ionic compounds.
a) NaC2H3O2
sodium acetate
b) (NH4)2CO3
c) Fe(OH)
3
(III)
iron
ammonium carbonate
hydroxide
d)lead
PbSO
(II)4
sulfate
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
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Step 1-- Use your ion sheet and find the ions and their charges.
Step 2-- “Cross the charges” if they don’t balance out.
Step 3-- Use parentheses around polyatomic ion “chunks”.
Practice Problems: Write the formula for each ionic compound.
copper(II) bromide
Cu+2 Br -1 = CuBr2 …(don’t show 1’s)
____________________
aluminum nitrite
+3 NO -1
Al
= Al(NO2)3
_________________________
2
barium hydrogen carbonate
+2 HCO -1
Ba
3 = Ba(HCO3)2
___________________________
Naming Molecular Compounds
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charges
You do not use the ion sheet for molecules because no __________
are needed. They ______________
share
electrons instead of transferring
them.
Use ________________
prefixes
to indicate the # and kind of atom in the
compound.
mono=1 di=2 tri=3 tetra=4 penta=5 hexa=6 hepta=7 octa=8 non=9 deca=10
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Use the general format shown below…
prefix-(except mono)-name the 1st element
prefix-name the 2nd element ending with -ide
Practice Problems: Name the following molecules.
N2O5
dinitrogen
pentoxide
CO
carbon
monoxide
Cl4F7
tetrachlorine
heptafluoride
SO3
sulfur trioxide
Writing Molecular Formulas
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The prefixes in the name tell you the # of atoms of each element there
are. (Those become the _________________
subscripts
in the formula!)
Practice Problems: Write the formula for each molecule.
nitrogen monoxide
carbon tetrachloride
NO
CCl4
diphosphorous pentoxide
P2O5
Acids
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hydrogen
All acids begin with the element ________________.
anion
General format: H(X), where “(X)” represents the ______________.
There are 2 general types of acids:
– If the name of “(X)” ends in –ite or –ate, then it is an _________
oxy- acid.
binary acid. The acids
– If the name of “(X)” ends in –ide, then it is a ____________
2 ____ elements, hydrogen and a nonmetal. (There’s NO oxygen!)
just contains
Naming Oxy-Acids
1.
2.
If the name of “(X)” ends in –ate…
(anion root)-ic acid
If the name of “(X) ends in –ite…
(anion root)-ous acid
Practice Problems: Name these acids.
H2SO4
H3PO3
sulfuric phosphorous
acid
acid
HNO3
H2CO3
HC2H3O2
nitric
acid
carbonic
acid
acetic
acid
HClO2
chlorous
acid
Naming Binary Acids
If the name of “(X)” ends in –ide…
hydro- (anion root)-ic acid
Practice Problems: Name these acids.
H2S
hydrosulfuric acid
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HF
hydrofluoric acid
Writing the Formulas for Acids
FIRST You must determine the formula for the anion, “(X)”.
1.
hydro
If the acid’s name starts with “________”
(and ends in “–ic”), the
name of the anion used ends in “_______”.
Therefore, it is a
-ide
binary acid. (There’s only hydrogen and one other nonmetal
_________
in the formula!)
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The subscript on the hydrogen equals the anion’s charge!
Examples:
HBr
hydrobromic acid = ________
HI
hydroiodic acid = _______
H2S
hydrosulfuric acid = ________
2.
-ic
If the acid’s name ends with “______”
without the “hydro-” prefix,
the name of the anion used ends in “_______”.
Therefore, it is an
-ate
oxy- acid.
____
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The subscript on the hydrogen equals the anion’s charge!
Examples:
HClO4
perchloric acid = __________
H2C2O4
oxalic acid = ___________
3.
If the acid’s name ends with “______”,
the name of the anion used
-ous
-ite
ends in “_______”.
(It’s is also an oxy-acid.)
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The subscript on the hydrogen equals the anion’s charge!
Examples:
HClO
hypochlorous acid = __________
HNO2
nitrous acid = ____________
H2SO3
sulfurous acid = ____________