Unit Seven Section A

Face to Face with Guns

The First Two Periods Teacher’s explanation of the difficult language points; Grammatical and writing structure analysis; Summary of the text; Answering students’ questions

.

Language Points

Face to Face with Guns

Face guns in an encounter face to face: 1) close to and looking at sb./ sth. We were in the downtown area when we came

face to face with

Jack. 2) no escape from sth. and have to deal with it I was bit by bit being brought

face to face with

the fact that I had very little success.

Like most city folks, I'm cautious.

…. Like most people who live in a city, I act very carefully in order to escape possible danger. Before I drive my car into the garage to park, I look at the street and pathways very carefully to see whether there is anything unusual or there is any unusual person.

Language Points

cautious: a. taking great care to escape possible danger You should be

cautious

when you cross the street. He is a very

cautious

man; he always thinks very carefully before he makes a decision. unusual: a. not expected or usual It is

unusual

to see snow in May in Beijing. In China it is move to Let's The bus

unusual

for unmarried sons and daughters to live separately from their parents. pull into: to arrive; stop one's journey at a place;

pull into

this roadside restaurant for something to eat.

pulled into

the opening at the side of the road to let the cars pass.

Language Points

That night was no exception.

That night, I did the exactly the same thing: I looked at the street and pathways very carefully to see whether there was anything unusual or there was any unusual person before pulling into the garage.

exception: n. a person or thing that is not included Most tourists really enjoy visiting Disney world in Florida; the few who do not are are so many

exception exceptions exceptions

. It is possible to make rules about English spelling, but there that the rules are not always helpful. Most children prefer playing to working, but Jim is an . no exception: sth. that is definitely included. Marketing is everywhere these days and books are

no exception

. All fresh vegetables contain some vitamin C with

no exception

.

Language Points

... portly, unshaven young man in a stocking… be in: have sth. on, wear sth. (clothes, glove, cap, etc.) a girl in red/in a fur coat a man in uniform he threatened. "Give it up." He asked me to give my money to him or he would do something harmful to me. The word "mother" is used to express a slight with radical anger or annoyance. It is a very rude and offensive word if used in this way.

Language Points

"Hey," I said, "just take it."

asked him to take it. While I was speaking, I put the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway, and at the same time I tossed my house keys on purpose into a bush.

contrive: vi. manage to do or make something although there are difficulties I He

contrived

to make a mix-up of the whole thing . 他费尽心机，结果反而把事情弄糟了。

Language Points

…

he barked.

bark: v. speak to someone in a loud voice with an angry or aggressive tone that sounds like a dog barking; in US, sell goods in public by calling out Please note that

bark

can be used both transitively and intransitively.

He

barked

at his assistants. 他对着助手们大吼大叫。 The street sellers repeatedly selling cries about their goods. 马路上的小贩们一个劲儿大声叫卖货物。

barked

their

Language Points

Everything he said during our encounter…

During our encounter, he said everything twice and by instinct, I said everything twice too.

instinctively: ad. without thinking and without having been taught When attacked, he

instinctively

fought back to defend himself. instinct: n. natural habit of behaving in a particular way, without thinking and without having been taught mothering

instinct

母亲的天性 language

instinct

语言的本能 pain-escaping

instinct

逃避疼痛的本性

Language Points

Slight and shorter, he held an enlarged blue….

He was slight and shorter than the first man and held a larger than usual blue steel pistol.

His dark eyes shone like polished glass;

hidden wires.

rubbing He

polishes

… His dark eyes were very bright; he moved his arms and legs suddenly as if they were connected to polish: v. 1. make something smooth and shiny by his new car every weekend. 2. improve He spent much time

polishing

his article before having it printed. attach to: to fix something to something else

Attach

the handle

to

the box. We

attached

a business card

to

the briefcase.

Language Points

I've seen enough criminal trials…

I've seem a lot of criminal trials so that I know only a very few victims of armed attacks are able to establish who their attackers are because they focus their attention on the guns and not on the users of the guns. criminal: a. against the law He was brought to the trial court because of his

criminal

actions.

criminal

: n. a person who is at fault for a crime Some people believe that punishment should be of such a kind that it would teach criminals to behave like ordinary, useful members of society.

Language Points

...to know victims of armed attacks ...

victim: n. a person who suffers harm or death as a result of someone else's action or a terrible natural event, etc.

The man was the

victim

The murder

victim

of an attack. was found in her house. Many

victims

of the war lost their families.

…are seldom able to identify their offenders .

identify: vt. determine exactly who someone is or what something is I've seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to

identify

their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.

Language Points

…

rather than on their users

instead of; in contrast to rather than: I think I'll have a cold drink

rather than

coffee. I want to see a funny program but not a serious one. I enjoy laughing

rather than

crying.

I consciously noted details of their faces.

I looked carefully on purpose at their faces and paid attention to the personal specific parts of them.

I lied as the big one ripped the watch

…

Language Points

I told a lie when the big young man tore the watch from my wrist. rip: vt. remove something with speed and violence, using one's hands, tear She

ripped

the paper in half and threw it away. I

ripped

my dress when I was getting out of the car. Do you have a needle and thread?

By then, I was flat on my face

By that time, I was lying on the pathway with my face touching it and its dirt against my forehead.

Language Points

Lord, have mercy on me, a sinner.

I prayed to God to have pity on me and help me even though I am not perfect.

have mercy on: show kindness or pity towards sb.

The seized soldier appealed to his enemy to

have mercy

on him.

… suddenly-wallet, watch and chicken in hand

And all of sudden, they left with my wallet, watch and chicken in their hands and their footsteps disappeared in the dark street .

Language Points

I turned to see their shadows get into a car

I turned to see their dark shapes get into a car and drive away very quickly. ….

I had been spared, but by what? Mercy?

was it their hunger that saved my life?

other people. For example, have been

spared

.

保住了性命。 …… My life had been saved, but what save my life? Was it mercy? Was their attention span too short? Or If a person is spared, he is not harmed, although someone or something threatened him or harmed We have lost everything, but thank God, our lives "Spare" can be also used in the sense of "afford to give".

Language Points

I forgot to bring any money for lunch. Can you

spare

three dollars? No. I'm sorry. I can't

spare

any, but maybe Jim has some extra money. Nowadays more people have more time to

spare

for cultural activities, and they can also

spare

more money for enjoyment. span: n. the full time for which anything lasts Over a

span

of 5 years, a lot of high-rises have been built in Shanghai; you can hardly identify the city now.

Language Points

With the improving of living conditions, life span has been considerably extended.

"How peculiar," I thought, "to have your life …

I thought it was very strange that fried chicken had saved my life. I thought I had seen the state of time after my death and they had seen something to take care of their hunger: my fried chicken.

eternity: n. the state or time after death Eternity has neither a beginning nor an end.

Language Points

I got to my feet, found the keys,

…. I stood up, found the key and entered the house and made a phone call to the police department.

The operator took a description …

The operator wrote down my account of what the robbers looked like and sent a police car.

operator: here the word refers to a person at the phone company who helps you make a call An operator can help you make a phone call or give you a phone number if you don't know it. If you want to make a collect call, the operator will help you.

Language Points

"But," one officer said on leaving,

… When they were leaving, one officer said that it was very rude of them to have taken my chicken.

He said the pair's methods suggested

…. The officer said that the method the two robbers used in my case showed that several other robberies in the area over the past few months might be committed by those two men.

commit: vt. do sth., usually a bad thing That fellow

committed

a crime when he stole the library books and sold them. No one learned who

committed

the murder.

Language Points

He asked me to come to the station

… A mug shot is a photograph of someone, especially a photograph of a criminal which has been taken by the police.

look through: to look quickly in; examine or study carefully I'll

look through

my notes but I don't think I have a record of his name.

Look through

your examination paper for any small mistakes before you hand it in.

Language Points

So, last Monday I looked through album

… So, last Monday I examined carefully album-sized books of mug shots. Most of the pictures were of young men; a surprising number of them were actually children.

Turning those pages and studying their

… Moving those pages one by one and studying their photographs is something similar to moving on a sad current. The current, like the English poet William Blake's Thames, seems to leave marks of weakness and marks of great sadness in every human's face.

Language Points

current: n. a continuous flowing movement of water, air, etc.

Be careful as this wire carries electrical

current

. 小心，这电线有电。 Strong water

currents

can be dangerous to swimmers. 急流对游泳者来说是危险的。 current: a. from or about the present time Because of developments in international communication,

current

news is at hand almost everywhere.

由于国际通讯的发展，到处都可以收 到时事新闻。

Current

directions in military science place great importance on defense networks. 现代军事科学的 趋势是注重防卫系统。

Language Points

Together, these young men are a kind of .

.. These young men joined to form a kind of river, the river that is impossible to manage, and that is bit by bit damaging the ideas that are beyond value to us: our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor, our own lives and lives of people we have high a opinion of. out of control: impossible to manage The fire is burning

out of control

.

I'm dealing with customers all the time who have let their bills get

out of control

.

Language Points

...eating at the foundations of things we …

eat (away) at: to damage or destroy something bit by bit The river is eating away at the bank. something is based covers all the basic theories. 侵蚀着河堤。 foundation: n. 1. the idea, law, or fact on which My physics book is called Foundation of Physics; it 《基础物理》。 The foundation of that building is weak; it may fall down. 2. an organization established with money so that it may continue into the future Her university study is paid for by a scholarship from a private foundation. money from foundations. 私立基金会 The research of scientists is often supported by 基金会 hold dear: to value a great deal; care greatly.

These are the ideas we hold dear.

Language Points

Some day, we will have to face this river…

Some day, we will have to deal with these young men and try to find out the causes of their discontent.

Presently, all we can do is look at mug … Now, what we can do is to look at these photos and try to stop the destroying of our values by catching one or two criminals at a time. presently: ad. now, soon Please just wait for a while for he is coming presently.

The Second Two Periods 学生小组讨论：根据课文内容互相提 问； 使用新词组、短语造句； 分析课文篇章结构，模仿篇章样段撰 写段落并互相批改评分； 小组推荐优秀作文展示； 教师在学生互相批改基础上亲自批改 三分之一作文，学生誊正作文。

Text Structure Analysis

The writer of the short story presents its details in a very clear way, especially with a set of sequential actions. Paragraphs 1 and 28 are very good examples of this kind of structure or writing method.

Here are some points for your attention: 1. Description of sequential actions is a very common way to tell a story.

2. Sequential actions are normally set up in order of importance and the last one normally is most important to the message the writer wants to express.

3. Sequential actions should be carefully chosen and put in order so as to bring out the idea.

Text Structure Analysis

Description of sequential actions sometimes appears to be similar to writing according to a time sequence. The difference between the two is that sequential actions lay stress on a set of actions while time sequence emphasizes the time order often with time signals.

Structured Writing

Write one paragraph with a set of actions sequenced in order of importance to bring out the main idea of the paragraph. Here are a few topics for you to choose from.

Subjects: I won a golden medal for diving. The police caught the robbers. Taking notes in class

Summary of the Text

The other night as I walked from he garage, a portly man wearing a stocking cap emerged from a bush and aimed a pistol between my eyes. As I set down my KFC, I internationally tossed my keys into a shrub.

I said my money was in my wallet. He moved to search my trousers pocket. Suddenly, I was face to face with his slight partner with —polished eyes and legs like attachments to unseen wires. Both men shouted to stop looking at them. I was trying to notice details so I could remember them.

Then, I was on the ground, guns at my neck and temple, my face digging into dirt on the sidewalk, I felt I was going to die.

Summary of the Text

Unexpectedly, they asked a question: "What is this?" It was my KFC. They grabbed the fried chicken and ran, their footsteps fading into the night.

I phoned the police who called back for additional details. Apparently, these two probably committed several robberies in my neighborhood. At the police station I looked at mug shots to try to identify them. These photos affected me with the impression of a raging current, destroying the foundations of our freedom and values.

Read the passage and discuss the questions with your partner What did the writer do that night before he parked his car in the garage? What did the writer do while he was putting the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway? Why are most victims of armed attacks unable to identify their offenders according to the writer? Why was the writer able to identify his attackers?

Read the passage and discuss the questions with your partner What did the method the robbers used in robbing him suggest according to a police officer? What are these young men compared to by the writer? What damage do these young men do to our society according to the writer? 8. What does the writer mean by saying "some day, we will have to face this river and seek the depths of its discontent"?

Make sentences using the following phrases and expressions Face to face with Pull into As of Attach to Rather than Have mercy on sb.

Get to one’s feet

Make sentences using the following phrases and expressions Look through Be out of control Eat (away) at

The Third Two Periods

听写课文 A 新单词、词组、句子并互相批改 评分； 分组背诵、口译课文 A 并评分； 教师抽查部分学生背诵课文 A ； 小组推荐课文背诵优秀者全班背诵口译表演。 分组演讲 : People Rub Because Of Hunger, Weakness And Woe People Rub Because Of Their Discontent to the Society

Interpret

Interpret Paragraph 1, Paragraph3, Paragraph4, Paragraph13, Paragraph14, Paragraph15-19 into Chinese.

Unit Six Section B

Should I Have a Gun?

The Fourth Two Periods 教师精讲课文

B

难点、重点，解答学生 问题； 学生小组讨论阅读技巧：如何判断句 中生词含义； 根据课文

B

内容互相提问； 使用课文

B

词组、短语造句； 总结课文

B

中心思想；

Reading Skills

Reading between the lines means drawing understanding about the author's ideas from what is written and from what is not written. Writers don't always express all their thoughts openly, either as a matter of style, or because they assume we know and share their opinions — or because they aren't sure how to express themselves.

To draw inferences about the author's ideas we have to be very careful with what is advised in the following.

1) You have to make use of context clues, common sense and our knowledge of the world.

2) Connect ideas and draw conclusion from the reading passage.

Reading Skills

3) Form and test what you have understood between the lines. The reading act is a two-way communication between the reader and the writer about understanding, forming ideas, testing your ideas during the reading of the passage, correcting or changing your own ideas and understanding and, finally, you are able to get what the writer is driving at or communicating.

Now here are more examples taken from passage A.

1. "Hey," I said, "just take it." As I spoke, I set the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway, contriving as I did so to toss my house keys into a bush.

(Para. 3, Passage A, Unit 7)

Reading Skills

Question: Why did the writer toss his house keys into a bush?

Possible answer: He would not let the robbers to have his keys to the house.

2. He wasn't stupid. I've seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users. I consciously noted details of their faces.

(Para. 15, Passage A, Unit 7)

Question: Do you think the writer was stupid, too?

Possible answer: No. The writer was careful enough to note details of the robbers so that he could identify them later if possible.

To get the right answers to the above questions, you have to read very carefully and also make use of context clues.

Language Points

It holds five bullets and stays loaded…

the verb "stay" is often followed by an adjective to express a situation or a condition that continues to remain. The big fire turned the whole of the city into ashes but the small house

stayed standing

.

I‘ve always advocated gun control;

gun control supporter now.

advocate ： particular plan or action People running for president often … I’ve always said in public that I support the idea of gun control and the strange thing is that I am still a vt. suggest or say that you support a

advocate

reducing taxes. They

advocated

strict control of pollution to protect the environment.

Language Points

statistics: n. numbers used as facts; the science of collecting facts through numbers to show their significance Our

statistics

show that the population is increasing. The examination of

statistics

requires knowledge of mathematics.

...that previously kept me from owning…

previously: ad. before the present time The ground was so dry that it was difficult to see where the river had been previously. The land where the new buildings were built was previously a park. previous: a. coming or happening before or earlier Sorry! We've passed the street. The previous one was the right one.

Language Points

..nor thinking I was immune to violence.

immune to: not be affected by The president seems to be others.

Why do you He

assumes assume immune to

complaints.

I assumed because I didn't believe in …,

I thought I wouldn't be affected by violence because I didn't consider violence to be of worth and because I didn't use weapons to hurt or kill assume: vt. accept or believe that something is true even though you have no facts that no one understands your difficulties? that his nation cannot do wrong.

Language Points

affect: vt. influence or cause someone or something to change in a particular way The points you have raised do not

affect

my opinion. Remember that your decision will

affect

a large number of people. be affected by: be influenced by The president said that his government's stand would not

be affected

by outside pressures.

Language Points

It wasn't ignorance of crime statistics

… The reason I didn't own a gun was not that I didn't know the high crime rate nor was it that I thought I was not affected by violence.

ignorance: n. lack of information or knowledge Someone who has little official education may show

ignorance

of history, but be very knowledgeable about practical matters. Sometimes children do dangerous things out of

ignorance

. crime: n. wrong moral behavior in general; something which is against the law

Crime

is a difficult problem in many cities.

Make sentences using the following phrases and expressions Be immune to Believe in Be capable of Hear of In front of At the sight of

Try to raise as many questions as possible according to Passage B

The Fifth Two Periods

听写课文 B 新单词、词组、句子 , 学生互相批 改听写并评分； 分组背诵口译课文 B 并评分；学生互相批改 课文 B 作业并评分；教师抽查学生背诵课文 B 和作业； 辩论 : Common People Should Have Guns Common People Should Not Have Guns