Transcript Document

Academic Scholarship and
the Deep (or Invisible)
Web
Jessie Hey
Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group and
University of Southampton Libraries, University
of Southampton, UK
SIMS, Berkeley 3rd Oct 2003
Where the Titanic sailed
from
Southampton Oceanography Centre
National Oceanography Library
IAM Group - Electronics and
Computer Science
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One of the largest
groups of its kind,
with over 80
researchers, IAM
focuses on the
design and
application of
computing systems
for complex
information and
knowledge
processing tasks.
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IAM is a world leader
in the key
technologies of agentbased computing,
knowledge
management, open
hypermedia and
pervasive computing
and their application
in the domains of
digital libraries and
grids
University of Southampton
Libraries
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Pioneer of computer
automation
Archives:
Wellington
Palmerston
Mountbatten
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even Textiles
Renowned for Official
Publications
Printed collection
Digital collection
BOPCAS
National
Oceanography Library
Scope
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Developing academic scholarship
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Ultimate goal – improving tools to
advance research
2 sides of the coin:
Research discovery
 Research visibility
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Exploiting the invisible and
visible web
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Started exploring the key issues
surrounding the hybrid library (combining
the traditional and the digital)
our surveys showed that the academic
reader was more likely to be swayed by
the power of Internet search engines to
use these first and library provided search
facilities second
Our prototype search engine tailored to
our local community thus contained an
Internet search engine as well
GIGA – a Global
Information Gatherng Agent
MALIBU and GIGA
Searching the hybrid library
 Developing the MALIBU search
engine (GIGA)
 An example
 Towards our vision
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Creating the hybrid library
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To bring together a wide range of
new alternative technologies plus
the electronic products and services
already in libraries, and the
historical functions of our local,
physical libraries, into well
organised, accessible hybrid
libraries (JISC circular 3/97)
Recent hybrid library
statistics!
Two extremes:
 Southampton libraries have 42,752m of
shelving, of which 35,300m or 83% were
occupied at the time of the measure. This
is roughly equivalent to the distance from
Southampton to Portsmouth.
 Southampton IAM group prints 10,000
pages every 3.5 weeks searching the
web, using up a laser printer toner
cartridge
Questionnaires to
Humanities Staff
All kind of resources used e.g.:
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E-journals, abstracts and microforms
Radio and online newspapers
Card catalogues and archives
Librarians and students
General and very specialised web
resources
MALIBU search engine
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Developed from preprototype search
engine for the Humanities supported by
user and librarian testing and reviews of
searching methods for paper and digital
resources, both local and remote
Modelling the hybrid library: Project MALIBU
JMN Hey and A Wissenburg The New Review of
Information and Library Research 1998 103-110
Search Agent Objectives
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To expand horizons for Humanities staff
and students in a managed hybrid library
environment
Both to search relevant web based
resources in addition to traditional
catalogues
And archives and other ‘hidden’
databases in addition to the web
To develop a prototype providing
searching facilities across a selected no.
of heterogeneous priority targets
A Global Information
Gathering Agent
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Consists of a series of independent
agents, which can communicate through
a meta-agent
Aim - flexible and efficient system
Degree of user profiling – matching users
at Oxford, Southampton and KCL
Options to change targets searched and
to work with results
GIGA
An introductory profile is set up but
can be amended
Malibu's Search Agent Signup
Welcome!
Please provide the following information about yourself. This information will help the
system to set up a personal user profile for you.
Your First Name
Your Surname
Please provide a Password
it will not be shown as you
type
Please enter your Password a
second time
Please give your e-mail address
(optional)
Your Department
Your User Type
Please click on "Submit" (below) when you are finished entering your information, or "Clear" to start again.
A Personal Profile eg in
History might include:
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Book catalogues (Southampton and COPAC)
JSTOR history and American journals
Papers of Palmerston and Wellington (at
Southampton)
Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives (at
King’s College, London)
Refugee studies Catalogue (at Oxford)
Survey of Jewish Archives (at
Southampton)
Google search engine
Wilfred Owen Multimedia Digital Archive
The next stage of
exploration
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The Southampton Reserve Collection has some 1st
World War materials and some were digitized for a
previous project in English and posted to a local site
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We want to look further afield:
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Southampton’s WebCat
JSTOR digitized History journals
Perhaps other catalogues and archives
A web search engine and different media
Amend profile to search
relevant databases
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Southampton WebCat
Oxford’s OLIS catalogue
COPAC (The union catalogue of the Consortium of
University Research Libraries. Free bibliographic
information on over 6 million titles)
Google search engine
JSTOR history journals
Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel (catalogue
launched in Southampton June 2000)
Wilfred Owen Multimedia Digital Archive
Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives (at King’s
College, London)
And rank by priority
Researching the 1st world
war trenches
Some marked records from a Southampton GIGA
search (saved or emailed):
Wilfred Owen Archive at Oxford
 Audio of daily routine in front line trenches
 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archive (KCL)
 Sketches showing layout of trenches
 Google Search Engine
 Trenches on the Web – reference library
 Oxford OLIS Catalogue
 Lads: love poetry of the trenches compiled 1998
 Southampton catalogue
 In the trenches of Stalingrad pub. 1948
NB No matches in JSTOR journals or Southampton online
archives this time
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Following on:
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The Wilfred Owen Multimedia Digital
Archive looks useful – so click on the
information button
What does it comprise?
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Virtually all of Owen’s original MSS for his war poetry, from
various sources
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18 issues of The Hydra
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20 Photos of Owen
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A selection of letters Owen wrote during his war service
 Official records related to Owen from PRO
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Selection of general material from war (photos, audio, video),
from IWM archives
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Relevant current day video & photographic material
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Other contemporary material (e.g. postcards)
Exploring in depth
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1.
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Explore a few resources:
ahew4 Audio of Smell of trenches. by L. J. Hewitt
amci1 Audio of Trench life. Shaving and washing by T. W.
McIndoe
aoxl12 Audio of Daily routine in front line trenches. St by
H. Oxley
aoxl18 Audio of Sanitary arrangements in trenches. by H.
Oxley
aoxl5 Audio of Journey to front line at Ypres Salient, by H.
Oxley
Link to the database for more detailed
context based searching
http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/jtap/
And from our web search engine:
An Internet History of the Great War
http://www.worldwar1.com
“one of the best online resources for teaching
and learning about the First World War."
Scout Report for Social Sciences
8-Nov-1997
A useful exemplar
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Investigated the impact of the search
engine and its place within the user’s and
library’s information landscape
Analysed advantages and disadvantages
of technical model
Some conclusions:
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Can allow for easy distributed development
But may need to accept less than full features –
use as a pointer
Major challenge of database subscriptions and
features not remaining constant
Vision – to plug in new agents as
databases become available or in
demand
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eg free Eprints software being made
available from our IAM group to
institutions and departments to self
archive scholarly research literature
(modelled on Los Alamos preprint
archive)
Could then add a database to search
very recent work as well as
traditionally published work together
The ideas of GIGA look
forward to:
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Having your own intelligent agent
(your virtual ‘hybrarian’) to exploit to
the full well organised and accessible
libraries
Whether far afield or on your
doorstep
Tests have shown users are
enthusiastic to discover new
resources and recommend new
resources for inclusion
Now many similar examples of
searching choices including the web
And search engines on similar
principles eg Copernic: a broader
version of the academic GIGA
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Copernic Agent Professional provides specialized
search categories that delve more deeply into
the Web. Imagine what you are missing!
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Copernic Agent Professional lets you create your
own customized search categories using
available engines. You can mix categories and
engines to create your perfectly targeted search
category. You can also create a list of your
favorite categories for quick access to them.
Aiding Academic Scholarship
Research discovery
Guiding exploration of resources –both
visible and potentially invisible
Lets move on to:
 Research visibility
Making research visible up front
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Working with
Working with
community
Working with
Working with
standards e.g. OAI
world wide information
policy
authors
Open?
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‘Open’ = freely accessible ‘open access journals’
and/or
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‘Open’ = interoperable - Open
Archives Initiative (OAI)
‘Crisis in Scholarly Communication’
new alternate models
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Open Access
Journals
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Open Archive
Initiative
Open Access Journals
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the worldwide movement to disseminate
scientific and scholarly research
literature online, free of charge and free
of unnecessary licensing restrictions.
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Open access is barrier-free and cost-free
access to the use of information
Open access is NOT cost-free publication costs still have to be met but in a new way
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Open access is NOT low-quality publication
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Open access is NOT vanity publication
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Open access is a new way of managing
scholarly publishing with a new economic
model
Changing the economic model
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Essential feature : payment is for publication not for
access
Peer-review still in place to ensure quality
Publication payment can come either from author or
from research funding agency (many authors
already pay more in page charges or colour charges
than open access is likely to cost)
Open access favours small society publishers (publication
costs likely to be lower)
Enables commercial publishers to continue albeit with
lower profit levels
BUT transition to new model difficult for publishers
Examples of Open Access Journals
and Publishers
•Documenta Mathematica
http://www.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de/documenta/Welcome-eng.html
This journal is free of charge (electronic). Printed volumes are
available for a low price.
•Geometry & Topology http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/
Publication is in electronic format completely free to individuals with
papers appearing a few days after acceptance. Low-priced paper
copy is available.
•Public Library of Science and BioMed Central
Public Library of Science
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non-profit organization of scientists
and physicians committed to making
the world's scientific and medical
literature a freely available public
resource.
PLoS Biology out Oct 2003
 PLoS Medicine 2004
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BioMed Central
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90+ open access journals
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business model is to charge authors $500 per article
and then make the content available free to readers
JISC agreement with BioMed Central 1/7/03
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Up to 80,000 medical and clinical researchers at 180
universities will now be able to publish their work at no
charge in any of BioMed Central's extensive range
of online medical journals. The costs of peer review will
continue to be borne by individual academics or their
institutions. The JISC deal will benefit authors from
UK Higher Education Institutions, who will no
longer have to pay their own author charges.
Work published with BioMed Central by
researchers at University of Southampton
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Research article
Biodiversity of nematode assemblages from the region of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, an area of
commercial mining interest
Lambshead PJD, Brown CJ, Ferrero TJ, Hawkins LE, Smith CR, Mitchell NJ
BMC Ecology 2003, 3:1 (9 January 2003)
[Abstract] [Full text] [PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]
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Review
Mitotic death: a mechanism of survival? A review
Erenpreisa J, Cragg MS
Cancer Cell International 2001, 1:1 (23 November 2001)
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]
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Research article
Cost-utility of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin in unstable coronary artery disease
Nicholson T, McGuire A, Milne R
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2001, 1:2 (15 October 2001)
[Abstract] [Full text] [PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]
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Oral presentation
Recruiting and supporting consumers in prioritising research topics
Royle J, Oliver S
BMC Meeting Abstracts: 9th International Cochrane Colloquium 2001, 1:op014 (26 August 2001)
[Abstract]
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Oral presentation
Pathways to evidence based reproductive healthcare in developing countries
Geyoushi B, Stones W
BMC Meeting Abstracts: 9th International Cochrane Colloquium 2001, 1:op048 (26 August 2001)
[Abstract]
Directory of Open Access
Journals
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Compiled by Lund University 2003
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The directory only contains fulltext, open access scientific and
scholarly journals that use an appropriate quality control
system to guarantee the content
>520 journal titles (Apr 03 = 480)
All peer reviewed
Increasing coverage by ISI
Agriculture and Food Sciences Arts and Architecture Biology and Life
Sciences Business and Economics Chemistry Earth and Environmental
Sciences Health SciencesHistory and Archaeology Languages and
Literatures Law and Political Science Mathematics and statistics
Philosophy and Religion Physics and Astronomy Social Sciences
Technology and Engineering
‘Crisis in Scholarly Communication’
new alternate models
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Open Access
Journals
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Open Archive
Initiative
Open Archives
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Subject based e-Print archives (centred on
author deposit)
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Pioneering example is ArXiv set up by Paul Ginsparg at
Los Alamos in 1991
Successful in limited subject areas
Free EPrints Software developed at Southampton to
encourage more self archiving (JISC funding)
Open Archive Initiative software standards
developed to enable cross searching (OAI-PMH)
Alternate models proposed based on institutional
research output
JISC FAIR programme in the UK
Focus on Access to Institutional
Resources
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Inspired by the vision of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI)
that digital resources can be shared between organisations
based on a simple mechanism allowing metadata about
these resources to be harvested into services
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To support the disclosure of institutional assets:
To support access to and sharing of institutional content
within Higher Education and Further Education and to
allow intelligence to be gathered about the technical,
organisational and cultural challenges of these processes…
FAIR Programme
£3 million on 14 projects starting
August 2002
 Clusters:
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Museums and Images
 E-Prints
 E-theses
 IPR
 Institutional portals
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UK Focus on Access to
Institutional Resources – e-Prints
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TARDis: Targeting Academic Resources for
Deposit and dISclosure
SHERPA: broader - Consortium of
Research Libraries – filling archives and
joint infrastructure
HaIRST: A testbed for Scotland
ePrints-UK :harvesting UK e-Print
archives
TARDis
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HEFCE – JISC Programme - Focus on Access to
Institutional Resources (FAIR) £196,000
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Aug 2002 – Jan 2005 (30 months)
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Cross University collaboration:
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University Library
School of Electronics and Computer Sciences
Information Systems and Services
Academic Community!
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Aim: to set up a sustainable Southampton ePrint archive
e-Prints Soton
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Enhancing our version of software
Feeding into EPrints software – future versions
To gain content – full text documents
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Offering a mediated service in parallel
Making easier to deposit
Advocacy
Project target – 2000
Pilot with 2 schools in progress
TARDIS
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Targeting Academic Research for Deposit
and Disclosure
Towards a sustainable e-Print service for
Southampton research
Multidisciplinary collections with views for
communities
Extended model with mediated deposit
Input to design of the software to match
institutional repositories needs
How to get institutional
archives off the ground
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Looking at departmental practice – environmental
assessment
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Modifying aspects of software relevant to working on a
broader front
Incorporating good library practice
 Involving HCI lecturer
e.g.
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• Submission process
• Publication types
• Format of output
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Involving other librarians and other e-Print archives
What are e-Prints?
e-Prints are:
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electronic copies of any research output
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journal articles, book chapters, conference papers etc even
multimedia
they may include unpublished manuscripts and papers
prepared for publication (as copyright allows)
Also broader and narrower definitions:
Academic output - Nottingham
Peer-reviewed – Stevan Harnad
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An e-Print archive is an internet based repository of such
digital scholarly publications which can provide immediate
and free worldwide access benefiting both author and
reader
Collection policy defined to be broad
research output of University
researchers
Why deposit your research
in e-Prints Soton?
•To make your research more visible and available in
electronic form
• To promote your work and that of other academics
within your community at the University of Southampton
• To use it as a secure store for your research
publications - which can help you to respond to the
many requests for full text and publication data
• To contribute to national and global initiatives which
will ensure an international audience for your latest
research (other universities are developing their own
archives which, together, will be searchable by global
search tools)
How researchers make research
available currently though the
university web site
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Survey
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Central record of University research output not maintained.
Retrospective central research publications listings collated from
individual departments and made available on the web (University
Research Report)
Snapshot
departmental recording practices
• Minimal to highly structured
• Variety of methods
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looked at web sites – personal and schools
Example web site
Current practice at example
departments
Department
T otal number
of publications
Full text
Percentage
of full text
Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences
Archaeology
English
Modern Languages
Music
Politics
Economics
252
243
160
280
138
357
2
3
0
5
6
89
1%
1%
0%
2%
4%
25%
Faculty of Medicine, H ealth and Life Sciences
Biology
Medicine
Health Professions
and Rehabilitation
Sciences
Nursing and
Midwifery
796
1603
24
247
0
3%
15%
0%
0
0%
332
439
Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics
Chemistry
Electronics and
Computer Science
Maths Education
Mathematical
Studies
Ocean Circulation
and Climate
Group, SOES
James Rennell
Division, SOC
1128
7008
111
866*
10%
12%
170
849
34
310
20%
37%
286
9
3%
792
68
9%
* - personal web sites not counted
Local needs identified /
wider issues
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Bibliographic records
and full text
Input publication data
only once
Help with file formats
Integrating current
records
Import/export to
other archives
Satisfy variety of
demands for
publication records
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Copyright (Romeo
project)
Secure storage
Quality control
Peer review
Workload
Visibility
Citation impact
Massaging deposit process
in TARDIS
Policy maker involvement
Benefits of an institutional repository:
 Raises profile of institution
 Manages digital institutional research assets
 Supports
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Research output measures e.g. RAE, research report
funding agency requirements
Endorse, encourage new deposits
Encourage authors to amend copyright transfer
Upcoming UK Policy level
event
JISC seminar:
 Global Access to UK Research:
Removing the barriers
 20 November 2003
 Universities UK, Woburn House,
London
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Can add additional text to
copyright
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"I hereby transfer to <publisher or journal> all
rights to sell or lease the text (on-paper and
on-line) of my paper <paper title>. I retain
the right to distribute it for free for
scholarly/scientific purposes, in particular, the
right to self-archive it publicly online on the
World Wide Web. The author/s hereby assert
their moral rights in accordance with the UK
Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988)."
How can we start to integrate
with school practice?
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Non-linear dynamics of a nematic liquid crystal in
the presence of a shear flow
E. Vicente Alonso, A.A. Wheeler and T.J. Sluckin
Proc. Roy. Soc. A. 459 , 195-220 (2003)
[reprint] also pdf, ps and hardcopy
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http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/search/listpreprints.phtml?
table=applied&uid=40618960c732ac68a7b5cf574a759ecc
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http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/staff/Sluckin/papers/vicent
e_alonso_et_al_03.pdf
A national vision – e-Prints + data + elearning
Research visibility
contributing to
 Research discovery – all becomes
visible
 Local views – GIGA style services -distributed searching?
 Global views – harvesting to search
services
 Leading to research enhancement
Thank you from across the
world
more information
[email protected]
tardis.eprints.org
Electronics and Computer Science –
University of Southampton
Focus on Access to Institutional Resources
(FAIR) programme
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And soon e-Prints Soton and other UK archives and
services joining with international initiatives to
make research more visible and interactive