Transcript Age of Jackson

(1824 – 1840)
 People who supported Andrew
Jackson supported the interests of
the common man. Andrew Jackson
was for the people.
 He made it so all white men could
vote. Before, concusses (legislative
groups) disciplined and voted
candidates. Jackson made it so the
people voted instead.
 Patrons (people who give support)
can go to office. The elected can
reward their supporters and punish
their opponents.
 Jackson didn’t like the Eastern Elite
(the higher class big cities on the
east coast), because he believed in
equality.
Andrew Jackson
 1816 – 1828: Tariffs passed were
the first to protect. The Tariff of
Abomination was made to protect
the northern industry, and it made
John C. Calhoun make the
Doctrine of Nullification.
 The Doctrine of Nullification
protected the states’ rights not to
enforce laws passed by congress.
 In the Webster-Hayne debate,
Webster was against nullification:
“We are a union.” Jackson was
against it too, and this made him
seem like a strong president.
John C. Calhoun
 Jackson was against the second
bank of the United States because
it gave some people special
privileges and did not provoke
equality.
 If there were fewer US banks,
there would be more state banks.
If there were more state banks,
more credit would be developed.
This created a stronger two-party
system. The Whigs (those who
supported the revolution)
supported Henry Clay’s more
American bank system.
Henry Clay
 1831: The Cherokees requested
the court to challenge Jackson’s
removal order. In the Worcester vs.
Georgiana case, the Indians won
their land.
 Jackson was strongly against Indian
treaties.
 Cherokees had to leave their
homeland, however, and settle
along the Mississippi river. The trail
of tears was the Indian Route they
took when they were relocated to
the territory of Oklahoma. A
quarter of the Indians died while
on this route.
 1816 – 1860: Cotton gins, rich farm
land, and textile (fabric)
manufacturing made cotton the
most profitable crop.
 The majority of white men were
small farmers who didn’t own
slaves, not wealthy ones. The ones
who owned slaves, however,
dominated the south. The cost of
slaves grew a lot in this time
because of the increase of
American-born slaves.
 The slaves were social among their
friends even when they were
separated. They also could own
property. Though it was difficult
and not completely legal, they
could marry as well. Slaves
rebelled a lot – some faked
illnesses to get out of work.
 1825 – 1850: The Erie Canal was
expanded, and steamboats
became widely used. Railroads
were first used in 1828.
 The west was opened to trade
which brought cities closer.
Steamboats were being used more
and more, and the cost of
transportation went down.
Railroads enabled farmers to get
to Eastern European markets. The
south was the least affected by the
new transportation methods.
 Grid maps were used for the first
time (in this type of scale) to
reform the island of New York to
be the state that was needed. For
the first time, streets were
numbered, hills were leveled, and
waterways were expanded. This
revolution made it easy for foreign
immigrants to get to their place of
work and convenient of important
and export shipments.
- Erie Canal Documentary from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx8Gikjhom
 Women were not allowed to vote,
serve on juries, etc. “Republican
motherhood” means that women
were important as merely wives
and mothers and should only be
involved with family and religion,
though some argued they should
be equal citizens.
 Textile mills (clothes machines)
were run mainly by women and
children in Lowell, Massachusetts.
Soon Irish immigrants took over.
 Cult of Domesticity: “Women were
expected to be pious, pure,
submissive, and domestic. Wives
were to obey their husbands.
Respectful women worked inside
the home, and their master status
was being a mother.”
- Cult of Domesticity video from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL2DfxIMdjQ
 The women’s movement was led
by middle-class women and strove
for legal and educational rights.
They ran alongside anti-slave and
temperance (anti-alcohol)
movements. No conventions were
held in the south.
 1848: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Lucretius Mott led the Seneca Falls
convention, a famous resolution
for women equality: “Declaration
for Sentiments and Resolutions.”
Women wanted to vote, retain
property from ex-husbands,
divorce and child-custody rights,
and education.
 Dorothea Dix treated people that
had mental and emotional
disabilities, but was not involved in
the women’s rights movement.
However, she was an activist for
people’s rights.
Dorothea Dix
 Charles Finney and Lyman Beecher were
traveling preachers that led the Second
Great Awakening (a religious revival).
Finney was successful in the “burned over
district” (central and western New York)
because of powerful prayer meetings. The
Second Great Awakening made people
aware of the moral issues that went along
with slavery.
 The American Colonization society, led by
the middle class, tried to return slaves to
Africa.
 William Lloyd Garrison was the editor of
“Liberator” (an anti-slave newspaper) and
among the founders of the anti-slave
society. He adamantly called for slave
emancipation. He also supported
women’s rights, causing the Anti-slave
society to rival (with opposing opinions)
against each other.
 Fredrick Douglass was a black abolitionist
(against slavery) about equal rights for
everyone (including women and Indians).
 Sarah Moore Grimke was the first woman
to support women and black rights.
William Lloyd Garrison
 “The Great Awakening was a
period of great religious fervor…
The Antebellum reform refers to…
reforming society, addressing
society’s ills and speaking to make
American society better.”
- The Great Awakening video from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Im0vauVUsz8
 Transcendentalism is a philosophical
and literary movement that notes
the things earth-based that might be
going on to create the things we see.
An article from www.csustan.edu
explains the movement well:
1.
An individual is the spiritual
center of the universe… it is not a
rejection of the existence of God,
but a preference to explain… in
terms of an individual.
2.
All knowledge… begins with self
knowledge.
3.
Transcendentalists accepted the
neo-Platonic conception of
nature as a living mystery, full of
signs
4.
The belief that individual virtue
and happiness depends on selfrealization.
 Henry David Thoreau and Ralph
Waldo Emerson were leading
writers for transcendentalism.
 Utopians believed that the better
someone was the better life they
would have. Brook Farm, New
Harmony, and the Oneida
Community are examples of
Utopian Communities.
Henry David Thoreau
 McGuffey/Eclectic readers are
famous 19th century textbooks
about patriotism. Newspapers
became a big deal. Education
became much more important
(laws were developed and schools
were built).
Thomas Cole
 The Hudson River School was
Thomas Cole’s are group that
painted beautiful American
landscapes. It was America’s first
school of art.
Picture from http://desmondfishlibrary.org