Transcript Unit 9 Lecture 5: Part 2

Unit 9 Lecture 5:
Part 2
Chicano Movement (cont’d)GLBT MovementEnvironmental Movement
California Students rally for
change in public schools!
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Students were inspired by the
charismatic Chicano educator
Sal Castro, a teacher at
Theodore Roosevelt High
School.
After attending youth
leadership conferences where
they learned about the
differences between Eastside
and Westside schools,
members of the Brown Berets
and other student groups from
Roosevelt, Wilson, Lincoln,
Garfield, and Belmont high
schools began organizing for
change.
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In March of 1968, students from
all five public high schools in
East L.A. walked out of their
classes.
While initially their protest was
tolerated, the patience of the
authorities wore thin, and the police
were unleashed on the peaceful
demonstrators. and students were
 Students were demanding:
brutally beaten.
Thirteen people --Castro and twelve bilingual education
college students-- were arrested on  Mexican American history
conspiracy charges.
courses
Eventually, all charges against them More Mexican American
were dropped.
teachers
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Overall the school board
changed very little as a result
of these walk outs, it was only
over time that change
occurred.
GLBT Movement
1951-1st Gay Rights Orgs. -1969 Stonewall
Riots-2013 Gays in the Military
Homosexuals as an “Invisible Culture?”
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Sex in general was not an open topic for
conversation in America since the beginning.
Homosexuality was considered an extremely
taboo subject.
Being gay was dangerous. You could be
disowned by your family, put in a mental
institution or jail so most people lived
double lives and kept their sexual
preference a secret.
History of LBGT
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1st Organizations
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Mattachine Society
November 11, 1950
 In Los Angeles, gay rights activist
Harry Hay founds America’s first
national gay rights organization. In an
attempt to change public perception of
homosexuality, the Mattachine Society
aims to "eliminate discrimination,
derision, prejudice and bigotry," to
assimilate homosexuals into
mainstream society, and to cultivate
the notion of an "ethical homosexual
culture."
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Daughters of Bilitis
GLBT
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Movement grows from increasing
tensions and oppression of citizen’s
constitutional rights.
The movement’s goal is to educate
people as to the injustice GLBT
citizens undergo and fight to
become seen and treated equally in
the eyes of the law and American
Society.
People with negative attitudes
towards lesbians and gays are more
likely to be:
 Religious,
 Less educated,
 Politically conservative
 Have little close personal contact
with out gay men and lesbians,
 Support traditional gender roles.
 They may have a deep personal,
moral or religious objection to
homosexuality.
Before Stonewall
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Until 1973 Homosexuality was
a diagnosable mental
disorder, in which an individual
could have been committed to
a psychiatric (mental)
institution, w/ or w/o their
consent, to undergo conversion
or re-pair therapy.
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At the time, the police used any
number of reasons they could
think of to justify an arrest on
indecency charges including:
kissing, holding hands, wearing
clothing traditionally of the
opposite gender, or even being
in the bar during the raid.
Why were the Stone Wall Riots a turning
point in the GLBT movement?
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June 28, 1969
Patrons of the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village riot
when police officers attempt to raid the popular gay bar
around 1am. Since its establishment in 1967, the bar had
been frequently raided by police officers trying to clean up
the neighborhood of "sexual deviants."
Angry gay youth clash with aggressive police officers in
the streets, leading to a three-day riot during which
thousands of protestors receive only minimal local news
coverage. Nonetheless, the event will be credited with
reigniting the fire behind America's modern LGBT rights
movement.
"Stonewall," as the raids are often referred to, is generally
considered a turning point for the modern gay rights movement
worldwide, as it is one of the first times in modern history a
significant body of gay people resisted arrest.
Stonewall Riots
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Solid gay rights organizations begin
to form and take political action
June 28, 1970
Christopher St. Liberation Day
commemorates the one-year anniversary
of the Stonewall riots.
Following the event, thousands of
members of the LGBT community march
through New York into Central Park, in
what will be considered America's first
gay pride parade.
In the coming decades, the annual gay
pride parade will spread to dozens of
countries around the world.
Early Action
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October 14, 1979
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An estimated 75,000
people participate in the
National March on
Washington for Lesbian
and Gay Rights. LGBT
people and straight allies
demand equal civil rights
and urge for the passage
of protective civil rights
legislature.
Who was Harvey Milk and how did he
become a martyr for the GLBT cause?
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November 8, 1977
Harvey Milk wins a seat on the San Francisco
Board of Supervisors
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The first openly gay man elected to public office
is responsible for introducing a gay rights ordinance
protecting gays and lesbians from being fired from their
jobs.
Milk also leads a successful campaign against
Proposition 6, an initiative forbidding homosexual
teachers.
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A year later, on November 27, 1978, former city
supervisor Dan White assassinates Milk.
White's actions are motivated by jealousy and
depression, rather than homophobia
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He is remembered as being the first public
servant to use the legislature to secure rights
for the GLBT community.
AIDS CHANGES EVERYTHING
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An unusual disease shows up in hospitals and early on seemed
to affect gay males. The disease became known as GRID
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Gay Related Immune Deficiency Disorder.
When the symptoms are found outside the gay community,
Bruce Voeller, biologist and founder of the National Gay Task
Force, successfully lobbies to change the name of the disease to
AIDS.
March 10, 1987
AIDS advocacy group ACT UP (The AIDS Coalition to Unleash
Power) is formed in response to the devastating affects the
disease has had on the gay and lesbian community in New York.
The group holds demonstrations against pharmaceutical
companies profiteering from AIDS-related drugs as well as the
lack of AIDS policies protecting patients from outrageous
prescription prices
May - June, 1988
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The CDC mails a brochure, Understanding AIDS, to every household in
the U.S. Approximately 107 million brochures are mailed
What were/are the main goals of
the GLBT movement?
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Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Transgendered
Most under-represented group of
Americans to present date.
Issues:
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Equal Protection under the law
Dispel myths of being socially
deviant or being Mentally ill.
Equal Access to Government
Institutions:
 Military Service √
 Civil Service Jobs
 Government Services:
healthcare, civil marriage, access
to adopt children.
Environmental Movement
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In the 1920s Progressives worked to conserve
public lands, and fight the corruption of
Industrialization.
 However, no one could predict the effects
Industrialization would have on the environment.
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By 1952, major cities had a thick layer of smog caused
by coal smoke from factories.
In the 1960s hippies were the first to embrace the
idea of living within nature and preserving the
environment.
However Rachel Carson, is credited for igniting
the environmental movement by writing Silent
Spring. 1962
Environmental Movement
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The book Silent Spring focused on the
impact of the chemical DDT and other
insecticides on animal populations, in
particular that of various species of birds.
The bald eagle was one species of bird
whose population suffered from the use of
DDT. The pesticide thinned the egg shells of
the bird, which contributed to a reduction in
the population size.
The endangerment of the bald eagle
garnered particular media and public
attention, since the bald eagle is the national
bird of the United States.
This concern over preservation and
America’s wild spaces led to laws such as
the Endangered Species Act.
The modern day environmental movement in the
United States began in the in 1960s and 1970s.
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This movement was originally focused on a
few prominent environmental issues and
disasters.
These events included:
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concern over hydrogen bomb testing on Bikini Atoll,
oil spills off of the coast of California,
the use of insecticides and other chemicals.
In the 1960s, the pollution of the Great Lakes
became a rallying point for environmentalism in
the United States.
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The pollution of Lake Erie and its nearby
waterways was so great that debris on the
Cuyahoga River caught fire and created
thousands of dollars of property damage.
The so-called Lake Erie Fire became a
media sensation and helped push
environmentalism into the public
consciousness.
Dr. Seuss mentioned it by name in his
environmental awareness book The Lorax
What was the focus of the
Environmental Movement?
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The first area of environmental
concern was more traditional sense of
preservation.
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Keeping natural habitats free from toxic waste,
and human contamination so that plants &
animals can continue to thrive in the wild.
Another thread of environmental concern
was over the impact of environmental
damage on the human population.
Laws to protect the
environment and public health
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Two areas of particular concern were air and
water pollution.
The Clean Water Act of 1972 regulates water
quality and also how pollutants are discharged
in water.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 focuses on the
control of air pollution.
Environmental Protection Agency was
established to monitor water & air quality
standards to protect public health and welfare.
Impact of the Environmental
Movement
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Today, many of the rallying points of the
environmental movement have become ingrained into
American society.
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A focus on renewable energy and clean technology have
garnered national attention!
Air and water quality standards are regulated for the
public good, endangered and threatened species are
protected, and chemicals and products go through a
rigorous testing process to determine potential health
and environmental threats.