Transcript Chapter 2: Chemistry, Matter, and Life

Chapter 16:
The Lymphatic System
and Lymphoid Tissue
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Overview
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Key Terms
adenoid
lymphadenopathy
lymphoma
chyle
lymphangitis
spleen
lymph
lymphatic duct
thymus
lymphadenitis
lymph node
tonsil
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
The Lymphatic System
• System of tissues and vessels
• Scattered throughout the body
• Services almost all regions
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Functions
of the Lymphatic System
Learning Outcome
1. List the functions of the lymphatic
system.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Three Main Functions
• Fluid balance (lymph)
• Protection from infection
• Absorption of fats
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Checkpoint
16-1 What are the three functions of the lymphatic
system?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Learning Outcomes
2. Explain how lymphatic capillaries
differ from blood capillaries.
3. Name the two main lymphatic
ducts and describe the area
drained by each.
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Lymphatic Circulation
• One-way system
• Begins in tissues
• Ends in bloodstream
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-1
The lymphatic system
in relation to the
cardiovascular system.
What type of blood vessel
receives lymph collected
from the body?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Lymphatic Capillaries
• Capillary walls (endothelium) are flattened epithelial
cells.
• They are more permeable than blood capillaries.
• Overlapping cells form one-way valves.
• They arise blindly (closed at one end).
• Lacteals absorb digested fats.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-2 Lymphatic drainage in the tissues.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Lymphatic Vessels
• Superficial and deep sets
• Right lymphatic duct
• Thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)
– Cisterna chyli
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-3 Vessels and nodes of the lymphatic system.
What are some nodes
that receive lymph
drainage from the
breast?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Movement of Lymph
• Movement of lymph toward heart caused by:
–
Valves in lymphatic vessels
–
Contraction of lymphatic vessels
–
Skeletal muscle contraction
–
Breathing
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Checkpoints
16-2 What are the two differences between blood
capillaries and lymphatic capillaries?
16-3 What are the two main lymphatic vessels?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Pop Quiz
16.1
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of
lymphatic vessels?
A) They have thin walls.
B) They are blind-ended.
C) They can contract to propel lymph.
D) They transport lymph to the tissues.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphatic Circulation
Pop Quiz Answer
16.1
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of
lymphatic vessels?
A) They have thin walls.
B) They are blind-ended.
C) They can contract to propel lymph.
D) They transport lymph to the tissues.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
Learning Outcome
4. List the major structures of the
lymphatic system and give the
locations and functions of each.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
• Distributed throughout the body
• Makes up specialized organs of lymphatic system
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-5 Location of lymphoid tissue.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
Lymph Nodes
• Cervical nodes
• Axillary nodes
• Tracheobronchial
• Mesenteric nodes
• Inguinal nodes
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-3 Vessels and nodes of the lymphatic system.
What are some nodes
that receive lymph
drainage from the
breast?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-4 Lymph nodes.
What type of lymphatic vessel carries lymph into a node?
What type of lymphatic vessel carries lymph out of a node?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
The Spleen
• Cleanses blood
– Filtration
– Phagocytosis
• Destroys old red blood cells
• Produces red blood cells before birth
• Is a reservoir for blood
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
The Thymus
• Plays a key role in early immune system development
• Produces thymosin
– Develops T-lymphocyte cells
– Promotes lymphocyte growth
– Promotes lymphoid tissue activity
• Shrinks after puberty
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
The Tonsils
• Remove contaminants and trap pathogens
• Palatine tonsils
• Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
• Lingual tonsils
• Surgery to treat if recurrent infection or enlarged tonsils
make swallowing or breathing difficult
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-6 Location of the tonsils.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
Other Lymphoid Tissue
• Appendix
• Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
• Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
Checkpoints
16-4 What is the function of the lymph nodes?
16-5 What is filtered by the spleen?
16-6 What kind of immune system cells develop in
the thymus?
16-7 What is the general location of the tonsils?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
Pop Quiz
16.2
Lymph from the arm and breast passes through
which of the following?
A) Inguinal nodes
B) Cervical nodes
C) Axillary nodes
D) Tracheobronchial nodes
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Lymphoid Tissue
Pop Quiz Answer
16.2
Lymph from the arm and breast passes through
which of the following?
A) Inguinal nodes
B) Cervical nodes
C) Axillary nodes
D) Tracheobronchial nodes
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Disorders
of the Lymphatic System
Learning Outcome
5. Describe the major lymphatic
system disorders.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
and Lymphoid Tissue
Disorders Related to Infection
● Lymphadenopathy
● Lymphadenitis
● Infectious mononucleosis
Lymphedema
● Elephantiasis
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-7 Infectious mononucleosis.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-8 Lymphangitis.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
and Lymphoid Tissue
• Splenomegaly
• Lymphoma
– Hodgkin lymphoma
– Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Figure 16-9 Reed-Sternberg cell.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
and Lymphoid Tissue
Checkpoints
16-8 What is lymphadenopathy?
16-9 What is lymphoma and what are the two examples
of malignant lymphoma?
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
and Lymphoid Tissue
Pop Quiz
16.3
What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
A) A benign tumor of the lymph nodes
B) A malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
C) A benign tumor of the spleen
D) A malignant tumor of the spleen
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
and Lymphoid Tissue
Pop Quiz Answer
16.3
What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
A) A benign tumor of the lymph nodes
B) A malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
C) A benign tumor of the spleen
D) A malignant tumor of the spleen
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Case Study
Learning Outcome
6. Describe the spleen’s functions
and the consequences of its
removal.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Case Study
Functions of the Spleen
• Filters blood
• Removes worn-out old blood cells
• Acts as a large lymph node, detecting and fighting
disease-causing organisms
Consequences of Splenectomy
• Liver will take over blood filtration and RBC removal
• Greater risk of infection
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Word Anatomy
Learning Outcome
7. Show how word parts are
used to build words related to the
lymphatic system.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Word Anatomy
Word Part
Meaning
Example
-oid
like, resembling
Lymphoid tissue makes up the
specialized organs of the lymphatic
system.
aden/o
gland
The adenoids are gland-like tonsils.
lingu/o
tongue
The lingual tonsils are at the back of
the tongue.
-pathy
any disease
Lymphadenopathy is any disease of
the lymph nodes.
-megaly
excessive
enlargement
Splenomegaly is excessive
enlargement of the spleen.
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Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease
Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins