Transcript LAB SAFETY - Schoolwires

LAB SAFETY
Honors Chemistry
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Introduction
• Safety in the laboratory should be first and
foremost
• Accidents in a chemical laboratory may have the
potential of resulting in serious consequences.
• Common laboratory accidents include cuts,
burns, contact with corrosive or toxic chemicals,
and the inhalation of volatile fumes.
• The occurrence of each of these accidents, and
others, can be minimized if simple safety
precautions are followed.
Proper Attire
• Clothing that covers your body and fits comfortably should be
worn.
 Clothing that is loose can be a hazard and knock over glassware or
catch fire in a flame.
 Clothing that is tight will hold chemicals close against your skin.
• Shoes should protect your feet and not be made of cloth
(chemicals can leak through) or open-toed.
• Jewelry should be removed; watches and rings can hold
chemicals against the skin.
• Hair should be pulled back
• Rinsed you hands in the sink immediately if you touch
corrosive chemicals and notify your instructor.
What should I wear in the lab…
• if I am going to
work with
chemicals and
flames?
• Goggles, apron,
and closed-toe
shoes
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Closed Toed Shoes
• The Safety Code of most schools will
not approve of open foot ware; so
avoid sandals or flip-flops
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Eye Protection
• Eye protection must always be worn while in a
chemistry laboratory.
• This is not simply due to common sense, but also
government regulations. Safety goggles or glasses
with side shields are needed.
• If a chemical gets into your eyes, you must quickly get
to the eyewash and flush your eyes with water, while
rolling them back and forth, for no less than 20
minutes.
• Ideally, eye contacts should not be worn in the
laboratory; however, if an accident occurs and you
have eye contacts in, you must try to remove them
immediately.
Personal Safety: Goggles
• YES!!!!!!!!!
• NO!!!!!!!
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EYE WASH
• If you get something from the lab in your in
your eye—
• GET IT OUT IMMEDIATELY!
• Run some water through the eyewash
fountain before you use it.
• Retract your eyelid (hold it open);
• Don’t squint—this restricts water access.
• Run fresh water over your eye for several
minutes.
• Go to the school nurse immediately
afterward.
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THINK!
• Accidents in the lab can be
prevented!
• You are the most likely cause
of an accident!
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Read the Lab First
• Read the lab procedure prior to starting
the lab.
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No Horseplay
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Disposing of Matches
• To prevent a
possible fire,
matches
should be
quenched with
water, NOT
thrown into
the waste can
directly.
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Where’s the Safety Equipment?
–Fire Extinguishers
–Fire Blanket
–Eye-wash Fountain
–First-Aid Kit
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Fire Safety
 Small fires can be extinguished by covering them with a
container, such as a beaker, to eliminate oxygen.
 Moderately sized fires require the use of a fire extinguisher.
 Large fires require the evacuation of the building and notifying
the fire department.
 If your clothing catches fire, the best extinguisher is water
from the safety shower.
 If a safety shower is not available, you can fall to the floor and
cover yourself with a fire blanket.
 Make sure you are aware of the location of the safety shower
and fire blanket prior to performing any experiments.
 Synthetic clothing fibers melt during combustion and produce
hot liquids that stick to the skin. It is best to wear natural
fibers, such as cotton, for fire safety when working in the
laboratory.
Fire Extinguishers
• the carbon
dioxide
extinguisher is
red
• To use – PASS
• (press, aim,
squeeze, spray)
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Safety Shower
• Shower should be used for
dire EMERGENCY only!
• Use if your clothing is on
fire or if you spilled a
massive amount of a
dangerous chemical on
yourself and need to get it
off rapidly.
• Position yourself (or your
lab partner) under the
safety shower and pull ring
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Fire Blanket
• Wrap it around the victim to smother
the fire.
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Fire Extinguisher
• Pull Pin
• Aim
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Fire Extinguisher
• Squeeze the handle to begin operation.
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First Aid Kit
• These items may be
used temporarily for
small injuries (say, a
cut finger) Go to the
school nurse
immediately afterward.
• Do not wait until the
end of the day.
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First Aid Kit
• STAY AWAY from BLOOD!
Let the victim apply his/her
own bandage.
• If blood is on the floor or lab
table, let trained personnel
do the clean-up.
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Volatile and Toxic Chemicals
• Many volatile and toxic chemicals must be used in a fume hood.
• Many toxic fumes have a pungent smell that can be overpowering
(e.g., ammonia).
• Other toxic fumes may not be as noxious, but may cause respiratory
or other health damage.
• It is important not to breathe either of these fumes. Fume hoods
are enclosed workspaces that draw these fumes away from the user
and out of the building. Most fume hoods have a safety-glass
window that can be used to shield the user from violent or vigorous
reactions. Fume hoods can also be used to remove flammable
fumes that may pose a fire hazard.
• Because potentially hazardous chemicals are found in the
laboratory, it is important not to eat in the laboratory to reduce the
possibility of ingestion of a hazardous chemical.
FUME HOOD
• Use the HOOD for reactions that give
off vapors, especially smelly vapors.
• The draft of the HOOD will sweep away
vapors so that the lab itself maintains
reasonable air quality
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Broken Glass
• Sweep it up right away
• Don’t track in it all period.
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Broken Glass
• Place the broken glass in the
designated box.
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Handling of Acids or Bases
• "Vinyl" gloves or
"nitrile" gloves
(often green or
blue in color) are
preferred.
• You probably will
not use extremely
dangerous
materials in high
school.
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If the fire alarm rang, be sure to …
•
•
•
•
Turn off Bunsen burner
Turn off Electrical equipment
Shut off Gas valves
Close chemical containers
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If you need to leave the lab table to
go to the bathroom,
• Be sure someone is watching your lab
station
• Shut off the gas valve and electrical
equipment
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What should you bring back with
you to the lab?
•
•
•
•
•
A. Book Bag
B. Something to write with
C. Lab sheet
D. Textbook
E. Lunch
• ANSWER: B and C
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NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• No UNAUTHORIZED
experiments!
• These are terrible
dangers in unskilled
hands.
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NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
No EATING or
DRINKING in
the LAB.
A good practice
is to assume
everything in
the lab is
toxic.
•
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No!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• DO NOT drink
from lab
equipment.
• NOT EVEN
distilled water.
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Pipets
N
O
Y
E
S
• When using
pipets, DO NOT
suck the liquid
into the pipet
directly by
mouth.
• DO use a
rubber bulb to
create a
vacuum.
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use the beaker tongs to pick up
hot beakers
• Remember
hot and
cold
glassware
looks alike
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Never use glassware that is…
• Chipped
• Dirty
• Cracked
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Testing of Odors
NO
–Do NOT
smell the
flask
directly.
•
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Wafting YES
If you absolutely
must test the
odor, carefully
waft the vapor
from the flask
toward your nose
with your hand.
Keep the flask quite
distant from your
face.
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Heating Test Tubes
Make sure that
reaction tubes,
e.g. test tubes,
are not directed
toward yourself
or other
persons.
The chemicals
may splatter out
the tube.
NO
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Heating Test Tubes
• Aim away
from you
and all
people!
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DO NOT add WATER to
ACIDS
• DO NOT add
WATER to
CONCENTRATED
ACID.
• The heat
generated may
cause splattering.
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Do add Acids to Water
• DO add ACID to
WATER instead of
the reverse order of
addition.
• The heat generated
will be less, but
splattering still may
occur.
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