Transcript Chapter 3

Chapter 3
THE BRITISH IN NORTH
AMERICA
“What kind of society did the British colonists
create in North America?”
The British Cross the Atlantic
Definitions
 Mercantilism – An economic system that allowed
an imperial country to become rich by selling the
resources taken from its colonies.
 The Thirteen Colonies – The 13 separate colonies
established by Britain along the eastern coast of
present day’s United States.
Question
Looking at Canada TODAY how
do we know Britain (England)
played an important role in
establishing Canada as a country?
The Queen of England appears on
Canadian currency
The Union Jack appears on the
Canadian Coat of Arms
The Union Jack appears on 3 Provincial flags
National Holidays in honour of British Officials
Victoria Day is a
Canadian statutory holiday
celebrated on the last
Monday before or on May
24 in honour of both
Queen Victoria's birthday
and the current reigning
Canadian sovereign's
birthday.
Some Canadian Places are named
after British Officials
Victoria, British Columbia
named after Queen Victoria
Prince Edward Island
named after the father of Queen
Victoria, Prince Edward
Mercantilism
Would the following resources and goods be sold by
Colonists to England for money, or sold by England
to the Colonists for money?
Colonizing America
 Walter Raleigh was the
first English explorer to
try and build a colony in
North America.
 THINK BACK: Who was
the first French explorer
to try? How did that
work out?
Colonizing America
 Walter Raleigh was the
first English explorer to
try and build a colony in
North America.
 THINK BACK: Who was
the first French explorer
to try? How did that
work out?

Jacques Cartier, most of
his men got sick and died.
Colonizing America
Do you think Walter Raleigh was successful
in establishing a British Colony?
a) Yes, because the British learned from the
French’s mistakes.
b) Yes, because the First Nations helped the
British out.
c) No, because they weren’t prepared for the
harsh way of life.
d) No because the First Nations drove the
British off their land.
Colonizing America
 Do you think Walter Raleigh was successful in establishing
a British Colony?
c) No, because they weren’t prepared for the harsh way of life.
 He tried to set up a colony twice, both attempts failed
because the colonists were not prepared for the harsh life in
the North American wilderness.
 But the British kept trying.
Colonizing America
 Why was it so important for the Britain to build colonies in
North America?
Colonizing America
Page 5
 Why was it so important for the Britain to build colonies in
North America?
The Economy – France, Spain
and Portugal had made a lot of
money off their colonies and
Britain wanted to do the same.
Colonizing America
Page 5
 Why was it so important for the Britain to build colonies in
North America?
Competition- Britain wanted to
prevent France and Spain from being
too powerful.
Colonizing America
Page 5
 Why was it so important for the Britain to build colonies in
North America?
Quality of Life- In Britain, cities
were crowded, there was little
farmland left.
Colonizing America
Page 5
 Why was it so important for the Britain to build colonies in
North America?
Religious Freedom – Many groups
were treated badly for religious beliefs.
They wanted a place where they could
practice their religion freely.
The Thirteen Colonies
King James I of England
knew it would cost a great
deal of money to set up the
colonies. However, he did
not want to risk losing the
government’s money.
Instead, in 1607 he began
granting permission to
private groups who were
interested in setting up
colonies along the eastern
coast of North America.
The Thirteen Colonies
Why are
there
thirteen
colonies
instead of
only one
colony?
Why are all
the
colonies on
the East
Coast?
The Thirteen Colonies
 New France and the first Thirteen colonies were
founded around the same time.
 England’s colonies grew much quicker.
France
• Priority of collecting and selling
resources.
•Extreme climate, difficult for farming.
•Not many opportunities to gain a living
other than the fur trade.
•Only French Catholics were encouraged
to come to New France.
•New France could only trade with
France.
Britain
•Wanted large settlements for military
and economic advantage.
•Mild climate made life more
comfortable.
•Economies based on farming, fishing
and logging. Many more opportunities
to earn a living.
•Allowed people of different religions
and different countries to come.
•Allowed to trade/sell to other
countries/groups.
Questions - The British Cross the Atlantic (pg 55-57)
Chapter Questions
1. a) Who is Walter Raleigh? (1pt)
b) Why did his attempts at building a colony fail?
(1 pt)
2. a) What did King James I do instead of spending
money on setting up colonies in North America?
(1 pt)
b) How many colonies were there? (1 pt)
c) Where were they located? (1 pt)
The British Colonies in Atlantic Canada
Definitions
 New found land – “Newfoundland” was claimed
by John Cabot for Britain.
 The Beothuk – First Nations peoples that lived in
Newfoundland until they were eliminated by British
colonists.
 Shanawdithit – The last of the Beothuk; she tried
to teach the English about Beothuk culture.
 Sovereignty – Supreme governing authority.
Extinction of a Nation
 What do you know about Newfoundland?
A New Found Land
 John Cabot reached the waters off Newfoundland in
1497.
While watching think about the following questions:
 Who financed John Cabot’s travels?
 What was his “great discovery” off the coast
Newfoundland? http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10122
A New Found Land
 When he returned to England, he reported seeing
fish so plentiful they could be caught just by lowering
a basket into the water.
A New Found Land
 News of the fish spread
quickly among the fishing
fleets of Europe.
 Fish was an important food
staple there.
 Soon hundreds of ships were
fishing in the waters off the
coast of this “New Found
Land.”
A New Found Land
 Although
Cabot claimed
Newfoundland
for Britian, the
British weren’t
interested in
the colony and
didn’t want to
build
settlements
there.
Why do you
think the
British weren’t
interested in
Newfoundland
even though
they wanted as
much land as
possible?
A New Found Land
 The climate was
too harsh
 The soil wasn’t
good for farming.
 All they wanted
was FISH!
A New Found Land
 Most fishers stayed on board their ships.
 They went ashore only to dry the catch.
 They went home before the winter storms set in.
A New Found Land
 What do you think happened as the fisheries grew?
A New Found Land
 What do you think happened as the fisheries grew?

Competition grew among the fleets.
 They wanted to secure the best harbours for drying
stations.
 Some of the crew began staying behind in the winter
to guard these sites.
A New Found Land
 Overtime, the number of British
newcomers in Newfoundland began to
grow.
 King George II, granted the captains
permission to build fishing villages on
the coast.
 As the villages grew, he couldn’t
ignore the island any longer.
 In 1729, he appointed a governor
making Newfoundland grow from a
fishing station to a colony.
Canada Today: The Cod Fisheries
pg 59
 People believed the fish stocks Cabot found would
last forever.For hundreds of years, fishers from
around the world overfished the cod on the Atlantic
coast.
 By 1992, almost all the codfish were gone. The
Canadian government decided to shut down the
fishery.
Canada Today: The Cod Fisheries
pg 59
“The biggest layoff in Canadian history”
Broadcast Date: July 2, 1992 CBC News
Fisheries Minister John Crosbie has just made the
announcement everyone feared. Following six months of
rumour and protest, the native Newfoundlander has shut
down the fishery. Crosbie's announcement in a St. John's
hotel unleashes a wave of fury from fishermen, all of
which is caught on camera.
 This CBC Television clip looks at that reaction and how
the loss of nearly 40,000 jobs will affect the region.
http://archives.cbc.ca/economy_business/natural_resources/topics/1595/
Canada Today: The Cod Fisheries
pg 59
 It reopened in 1999, but allowed only a limited
number of boats to fish for cod.
 The stocks however, continued to decline.
 In 2003, the government shut down the fishery
again.
 The fishery that first lured Europeans to North
America may never reopen.
Extinction of a Nation
 Long before the British
came to Newfoundland,
the Beothuk had lived
on the island.
 In the summer they
lived along the coast,
where they fished and
gathered shellfish. In
the winter, they moved
inland to hunt caribou.
Extinction of a Nation
 What problems do you see arising with the
arrival of the British?
Extinction of a Nation
 What problems do you see arising with the
arrival of the British?
 The British disrupted their way of life.
 The British fishing villages cut off the Beothuk’s
access to the sea.
 They had to compete for the island’s resources.
Extinction of a Nation
 How do you think the Beothuk reacted to the
British?
a) The Beothuk tried to avoid the British.
b) The Beothuk raided their fishing villages.
c) The Beothuk became violent.
Extinction of a Nation
 How do you think the Beothuk reacted to the
British?
 The Beothuk were afraid of the British and tried to
avoid them.
 Once the fishermen returned to Britain for the
winter, the Beothuk would raid their fishing stations
and steal their supplies.
 When the British returned in the spring, tensions
between the two groups turned violent.
Extinction of a Nation
 The British used guns to hunt down the Beothuk
men, women and children.
 They unintentionally brought diseases to the island,
which resulted in deaths of many Beothuk.
Extinction of a Nation
 By 1828, only one Beothuk
remained, a young woman named
Shanawdithit.
 She lived with an English family in
St. John’s during her last years. By
this time there were people who
were interested in learning about
the Beothuk culture.
 She tried her best to explain their
culture using pictures.
Extinction of a Nation
 When she died in 1829 of
tuberculosis, the Beothuk went
extinct.
 In 200 years, an entire culture had
been wiped out by violence and
disease.
The Beothuk pg 61-62
If British colonists in
Newfoundland had been
more interested in the fur
trade than the fishery,
how might the
relationship between the
British and the Beothuk
have been different?
Questions - The British Cross the Atlantic (pg 55-57)
The British Colonies in Atlantic Canada (pg 59-63)
3. a) What resource did John Cabot discover that led to his
claiming Newfoundland in 1497? (1 pt)
b) What impact has this had on Newfoundland today? (2
pts)
Chapter 3 Task
Atlantic
Fisheries
News
Broadcast
You are a team of News broadcasters
from a popular Canadian television
station. You have been assigned a
news segment titled “The Atlantic
Fisheries Then and Now.”
As a team, create an informative news
segment comparing the Fisheries in
the 15th century and today.
Roles:
 News Anchors (2)
 Onsite Correspondent
 Eye witness(es)