Transcript Impact of the Enlightenment

Warm Up
• 1. What is the Enlightenment?
• 2. What issue did Mary Wollstonecraft
advocate (argue for)?
• 3. What 2 ideas did Montesquieu believe in
and share with others?
• 4. “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of
Happiness” came from what philosophe?
Impact of the Enlightenment
Enlightened Absolutists/Despots
Rulers who tried to use Enlightenment ideas to govern
• Frederick the Great
– Prussia, 1740-1786
– Kept power for himself, reforms were to strengthen country
– Reformed schools and prisons, abolished torture
• Maria Theresa; Joseph II
–
–
–
–
Austrian Empire, 1780-1790
Most successful use of Enlightenment principles
No torture or death penalty, free food & medicine for poor
Forced to take back most changes before his death
• Catherine the Great
– Russia, 1763
– Greatest hopes, but least successful – peasant revolts
– Forced people into serfdom
Enlightened Absolutists
Catherine the Great- “Poker Face”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8Uml
YNFNQ&list=PLC8ACBA72AB38CB21&in
dex=29
What do you KNOW….
about the American Revolution?
(write it down)
Seven Years’ War
Crash Course- The Seven Years' War
• 1756-1763- involved Austria, France, Russia
against Great Britain and Prussia
– In Europe not much changed, Prussia gained some
land from Austria
– Land and power- CAUSES
• In North America- called French and Indian
War
– British soldiers and navy defeated French and Native
Americans
• Ended with Treaty of Paris of 1763, made Britain
leading colonial power
Seven Years’ War
American Colonies
• English colonies
– 1607- Jamestown
– 1620- Plymouth
– 1630- Massachusetts Bay
• England- occupied in 1600 and 1700s but left alone-salutary neglect
• 7 Years War left Great Britain in debt, taxed colonies
to help pay off debt
– Colonies objected to taxes
– Boston Massacre 1770, 5 colonists killed by British soldiers
– Formed 1st Continental Congress 1774 in Philadelphia
Boston Tea Party/Boston Massacre
Paul Revere
•
Listen my children and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventyfive;
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and
year.
He said to his friend, "If the British
march
By land or sea from the town to-night,
Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch
Of the North Church tower as a signal
light,-One if by land, and two if by sea;
And I on the opposite shore will be,
Ready to ride and spread the alarm
Through every Middlesex village and
farm,
For the country folk to be up and to
arm."
From the Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
by Longfellow
Colonies were individual entities and the people knew that in order to
defeat the British they would have to ______________________?
Declaration of Independence
• Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration!
The American Revolution
Crash Course- American Revolution
• July 4, 1776 Thomas Jefferson wrote
Declaration of Independence
– George Washington head of army
– Colonists severely outnumbered
• France biggest help to colonies in war
• Saratoga- turning point in war
• Yorktown- 1781, final battle
• Treaty of Paris of 1783
– formally ended war
• 3 Branches of Government
• Bill of Rights!
US Government
• Articles of Confederation:
– 1st form of gov’t
– didn’t work
– central gov’t too weak
• Constitutional Convention 1787:
– Federal System – power shared by federal (national)
and state governments
– Separation of power into 3 branches• Legislative branch makes laws (Congress)
• Executive branch enforced laws (President)
• Judicial branch interprets laws (Supreme court)
• Ratification: fight b/c people felt gov’t too strong
– Federalists (pro-Constitution) v. Anti-Federalists (antiConstitution)
– Compromised over adding Bill of Rights to protect
individual liberties
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Persuasion writing….
• You are a young American colonist in the
early 1770’s. Write a short letter to your
newspaper’s editor stating why you
support independence from Great Britain
and which enlightenment philosophe
influences your opinions the most.
• Explain your reasons and be creative!