Transcript GHSGT Social Studies - Gwinnett County Public Schools

9.3: Citizenship & Voting
 Follow
along in the student packet:
“Content students MUST KNOW to be
successful on the GHSGT” (p. 165-166)
The Declaration of Independence
 Based
on the ideas of John Locke:
 Gov’t power comes from the consent
of the people (“social contract”).
 People the right to abolish an
oppressive gov’t & create a new one.
 All people are born free and equal,
with natural rights to life, liberty, and
property.
Allows
each
Written
law restricts the
Foundational
Principles
branch of gov’t
government’s power
of
the
Constitution
power over the
Balance
of local,
state,
other
Key principles
of
American
gov’t:
2 branches & national government
 Rule of Law
Power is in the hands
of
the
people
(voting)
 Federalism
Prevents the
 Popular Sovereignty concentration &
abuse of power
 Separation of Powers by creating 3
 Checks and Balances equal branches
of gov’t
Ratification of the Constitution

Debate centered on the need for a
strong national gov’t (Federalists) vs.
state & individual rights (Anti-Feds)
 James Madison, Alexander Hamilton &
John Jay argued for a stronger central
government in The Federalist Papers
 Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify the
Constitution when a Bill of Rights was
added that protected individual rights
The Legislative Branch
 Article
I of the Constitution describes
the powers, roles, and responsibilities
of the legislative branch
 Law-making powers of Congress
(Senate & House of Representatives)
 How a bill becomes a law
 Describe the checks and balances by
involved in passing a bill
(presidential veto & judicial review)
How a Bill Becomes a Law
Legislative Branch-Congress
Membership in the
House of Reps
1. Based on state
population
2. 435 total
members
3. Reps elected
every 2 years
Membership of the
Senate
1. Each state elects
2 senators
2. 100 total
members
3. Senators elected
for 6 year terms
Legislative Branch

Powers of Congress:
 Expressed (Enumerated) Powers are
specifically written in the Constitution
 Making Laws, taxes, regulating
trade, declaring war, impeachment
 Implied Powers are not written in the
Constitution (Elastic Clause gives
Congress power to pass laws it
deems “necessary & proper” for doing
its job)
 Buy Louisiana, create Bank of the US
Checks & Balances Legislative Branch
Powers
Checks on Powers
 Pass bills into law  President’s power
to veto laws
 Over-ride
passed by
presidential veto
Congress
by 2/3 vote
 Supreme Court’s
 Approve cabinet
power to rule laws
positions
unconstitutional
 “Power of the
Purse” (taxes &
spending)
The Executive Branch

Article II gives the power to enforce
federal law to the Executive Branch
 Led by the president:
 Chief executive & agenda setter
 Commander in chief of the military
 Chief of state: negotiates
foreign policy agreements
with other nations
 Chief party leader
Checks and Balances
Executive Branch
Powers
 Approves or
vetoes laws
 Carries out laws
 Appoints federal
judges & officials
 Negotiates
treaties
Checks on Powers
 Congress can
override veto
 Congress approves
taxes, & federal
appointments
 Congress can
impeach
 Judicial review
Impeachment Process
 Any
person in the executive or judicial
branch—including the President--can
be removed from office by Congress:
 1st step is impeachment—accusation
of charges by the House of Reps
 2nd step involves a trial
in the Senate—requires
2/3 majority to remove
a person from office
The Cabinet
 Advisors
to the
president; heads
of departments:
 Secretary of State (foreign policy)
 Secretary of Treasury (monetary &
fiscal policy)
 Attorney General (Justice Dep’t)
 Secretary of Defense (military)
 Homeland Security (coordinates FBI,
CIA, INS, NSC)
U.S. Cabinet
Presidential Election Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Candidates announce their candidacy
Presidential primaries in each state to
choose delegates to party convention
Party conventions elect their nominee
General election campaign between
the 2 major party candidates
General election—Each state’s popular
vote is converted to an electoral vote
Electoral College votes for president
The Judicial Branch
 Article
III establishes
the Supreme Court
 Main role is to interpret the law
 Judicial Review
 Federal court system (three levels)
 Supreme Court (1- 9 justices)
 13 Circuit Courts of Appeals
 94 U.S. District Courts
Checks and Balances - Judicial Branch
Powers
Checks on Powers
 Interprets the
 Congress and
meaning of laws &
States have the
the Constitution
power to amend
 Reviews laws
the Constitution
passed by Congress  Senate can refuse
& actions of the
appointments to
president (Judicial
the federal courts
Review)
 Congress can
impeach a judge
Powers of the
Federal Government
Powers Shared by
Federal and
State
Powers of the
State Governments
Responsibilities of Citizenship
 Participate
in the community
 Respect the property & views of others
 Pay taxes
 Obey the law
 Vote
 Serve on a jury
 Register for military duty
 Keep informed on current issues
The Bill of Rights
1. Freedom of religion, speech, press,
assembly, petition
2. Right to bear arms
3. No quartering of troops
4. No search and seizure without a warrant
5. Rights of the accused to remain silent;
Right to due process of law
6. Right to a speedy trial
7. Right to a jury trial in civil cases
8. Rights to reasonable bail, fines and
punishments
9. Powers reserved to the people
10. Powers reserved to the states
Other Key Amendments






14th—Equal protection under the law
for all citizens
15th—Gave black men voting rights
17th—Direct election of Senators
19th—Gave women the right to vote
24th—Abolished poll taxes
26th—lowered voting age to 18 years
Political Parties
Democratic Party
(est in 1828)
 promote strong
central gov’t that
protects the rights
of the poor &
minorities
 more taxes for the
wealthy
Republican Party
(est in 1854)
 support smaller
central gov’t with
more state & local
control
 less taxes for the
businesses & the
wealthy
In what important way are political parties
different from interest groups?
5
They try to
influence
Congress.
They raise money
for candidates.
They have a set
of beliefs they
want to pursue.
Their central goal
is to win political
office.
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
3
a
se
to
fb
ce
el
nt
...
ra
lg
oa
li
s
t..
.
.
fo
r..
on
ey
m
1
4
1
5
1
6
Th
ei
r
4
ha
ve
3
Th
ey
02
Th
ey
1
Th
ey
try
ra
is
e
to
4.
0% 0% 0% 0%
..
3.
en
ce
.
2.
10
in
flu
1.
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
How does the granting or denial of bail maintain
the balance between individual liberties and the
public interest?
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
3
ng
1
5
1
6
a.
..
al
lo
a
ba
il
to
ba
il
ho
w
1
4
w
s
pe
r. .
.
de
ni
..
is
pr
e.
..
1
2
gr
an
tin
g
02
de
ny
i
1
ca
n
4.
0% 0% 0% 0%
pe
rs
on
3.
a
2.
10
ba
il
granting bail can
prevent a person from
getting harmed in jail
a person who is denied
bail can better oversee
his or her defense
denying bail to a
person considered
dangerous protects the
public
granting bail allows a
person to convince
others of his or her
innocence
1.
gr
an
tin
g
5
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
Which of the following positions is generally held
by organizations committed to civil liberties?
5
The rights of society and the
rights of individuals are equal,
regardless of the case.
The protection of the state is
more important than the liberties
of the individual.
The rights of the state are the
work of law enforcement, while
the courts protect the individual.
The rights of individuals are to
be protected, even if the work of
law enforcement becomes more
difficult.
2.
3.
0% 0% 0% 0%
20
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
3
Th
e
1
Th
e
rig
ht
s
4.
10
of
so
ci
pr
et
ot
y.
ec
..
tio
n
Th
of
e
th
rig
e
ht
...
s
of
th
Th
e
e
st
rig
at
ht
...
s
of
in
di
vi
du
...
1.
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
The 5th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
guarantees the right of citizens to bear arms.
5
True
False
0%
2
03
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
13
Tr
ue
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
se
2.
10
Fa
l
1.
19
20
Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letters from a Birmingham Jail
addressed the fears white religious leaders had about
moving too quickly toward desegregation.
5
True
False
0%
2
03
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
13
Tr
ue
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
se
2.
10
Fa
l
1.
19
20
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave the U.S. Justice
Department the right to oversee voting laws in districts
that had used discriminatory practices against AfricanAmericans in the past.
5
True
False
0%
2
03
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
13
Tr
ue
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
se
2.
10
Fa
l
1.
19
20
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution clearly
identified African Americans as full citizens in an attempt
to counteract the Black Codes established in the American
South during Reconstruction.
5
True
False
0%
2
03
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
13
Tr
ue
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
se
2.
10
Fa
l
1.
19
20
The 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
guarantees the rights of free speech, petition,
assembly, press, and religion.
5
True
False
0%
2
03
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
13
Tr
ue
1
14
0%
15
16
17
18
se
2.
10
Fa
l
1.
19
20