Stopping Domestic Violence: What Works?

28 th to 30 th May 2008, Waterford Institute of Technology

DV MARAC’s

A multi-agency response to Domestic Abuse

Public protection agenda

 Injury to animals  Child Protection  Domestic Abuse  Sexual Violence  Kidnap/siege taking  Homicide

Cardiff model

 Fastracking  Advocacy  Shared understanding of Risk assessment  Information Sharing –M.A.R.A.C.

 Specialist Courts

Risk factors

• Assailants criminal record • Use of weapons • Injuries inflicted • Financial problems • Assailants problems with alcohol, drugs, or mental health • Victim is pregnant • Assailant expressing/behaving in a jealous or controlling way • Has been/going to be a separation between victim and

assailant

• Conflict over child contact • Threats made to kill • Attempts made to strangle/choke • Abuse becoming worse/happening more often • Assailant threatens/attempts suicide • Sexual abuse i.e. rape, indecent assault • Stalking • Victims own assessment

Police CPS Courts Civil Solicitor Independent DV Advisor/Advocate Specialist DV Support Services Women’s Safety Worker Substance Misuse Services Social Care Services Health/Mental Health Benefits Agency Victim Support Employer Housing Refuge SARC

CDRP

Friends Individual

LCJB

Community Perpetrator

Family

Police CPS Courts Probation Probation Perpetrator Programme Substance Misuse Services Community Programme Family Support Employer Housing Prisons Health PPO CAFCASS Schools Voluntary Sector Youth Offending Nursery/Child Care Educational Welfare Child Protection Agencies Educational Psychology Children’s Mental Health Connexions Faith Groups Youth Groups Health Colleagues Child

Neighbours

Immediate Network Primary Agency Contact Individual Agency Risk Assessments Safety Planning Process

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MARAC/MAPPA arrangements

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Police intervention – arrest, investigate, charge perpetrator

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Legal protection – SDVC/criminal and family courts

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Child & /adult protection intervention

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Refuge / emergency accommodation

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MARAC & MAPPA

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Housing options – Refuge, Homelessness, transfer Sanctuary project

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Sexual Assault and rape crisis service

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Police intervention – arrest, investigate, charge / perpetrator – Specialist DV Court/criminal court.

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Legal advice / protection (Family law / Civil Court injunction immigration)

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Child & Adult Protection assessment & services

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Probation – perpetrator programmes / supervision, Voluntary Perpetrator Programmes

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Drug & Alcohol services. Counselling & psychology services, Mental Health service

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Forced Marriage, FGM, Prostitution

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Information about services / options

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Advocacy Service – information, safety planning, support

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Police response to 999 calls

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Assessment of needs Identified within universal services – health, education, early years, housing management

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Support & advice from Specialist DV voluntary sector Tier 4 Acute/ restorative

Risk of death or serious harm

Tier 3 Complex

Adults and children whose lives are seriously disrupted by DV. Co-existing substance misuse and/or mental health issues. Pregnancy Victim has no recourse to public funds.

Tier 2 Vulnerable

Adults and children who are vulnerable as a result of Violence Violent incidents occurring, but not at a “serious” level of risk / not defined as such by the victim / victim not actively seeking help / wants relationship to continue. Victim from diverse community or has additional needs with limited access to services 

Universal services – promote awareness

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Primary prevention campaigns / media

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Public Information directories/ websites etc

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Health – screening / identification

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Education – PSHE

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Children’s services – identification

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DV forums, media awareness and training etc

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Housing services & tenancy agreements

Tier 1

All families

Threshold

• Clinical Judgement • 10 Ticks • Starting Perpetrators Programme • Repeat call outs 3 incidents in 3 months

M.A.R.A.C. who is attending…

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Police Probation Midwife Health Visitor Child Protection Nurse Women’s Aid NSPCC Child and Adolescent Mental Health Team Housing B.A.W.S.O.

Social Services-Child Protection Social Services-Intake and Assessment Social Services-Adult Services Education Cardiff Women’s Safety Unit Mental Health Services Substance abuse workers Any other relevant agency

Intention of MARAC

•Share information •Draw up a multi-agency action plan •Reduce risks to victim/children •Manage perpetrator •Monitor and review

Outcomes

• Repeat Victimisation down 38% to 8% • Withdrawls from C.J. system down 54% to 14% • 42%victims interviewed had not experienced further violence or abuse at 12 month point. The other 58% call police earlier , they have confidence the C.J. system can deliver.

The MARAC Process

• Emergency Callout/referral from victim • Risk assessment checklist completed • Risk assessment reviewed and risk level assessed • Established as VHR • Case referred to MARAC

Before the MARAC

• Risk checklist faxed to Social Services, NHS Trust, IDVA service • Immediate actions taken: target hardening, occurrence markers, police watch, actions re Child/Adult Protection procedures implemented, IDVA contact

Preparation for the MARAC

• Lead agency collects referrals with name, DOB and address of victim, children and perpetrator and name of referring agency • Circulates list 8 working days before MARAC to all attending agencies • Relevant professionals research cases • MARAC meeting held, information shared • Actions agreed • Outstanding actions from last meeting highlighted

Action

MARAC Actions

Agency Clarify risks All Prioritize/Flag/Open the case Joint Visits or Separate Visits Criminal/civil options Perpetrator management Housing, Police, Social Services, A&E, Midwives, Education e.g. Health Visitor and IDVA, or Police Police, Probation, IDVA, SSD, Housing, CAFCASS Police, Probation, Mental Health, Housing

Caada

• Co-ordinated Action Against Domestic Abuse - a charity set up December 2005 • Commissioned by Home Office to train and support Specialist Domestic Violence Court areas on MARAC over 100 areas • Established an accredited training programme for Idva by Dec 08 over 700 will be qualified

Outputs

• Year 1 (2007) 9,700 Very High Risk cases Marac’d (on 80 Maracs running) • As Marac matures (2008) this will double to 16,000 cases • 150,000 cases to MARAC by 2011 • Year 1 90% of cases referred by Police • As Marac matures other agencies refer in about 30% of cases • These are the ones we ‘didn’t know about ‘

Outcomes

• The first 20 Maracs running in the UK over 6 months have halved their repeats • Cardiff data showed at the 6 month point post Marac 63% of victims felt safe and did not need services • By the year point 42% of victims felt safe • Savings of at least £70 million in 2007

To Develop Maracs

• SDVC programme funding Marac co ordinators in SDVC areas, 15k • Collect data ,take minutes ,organise agenda’s and ensure efficient turnaround so agencies get agenda’s in time to do the research for next Marac • Most Maracs start monthly then go to fortnightly , so a pressured process

So called HBV, Forced Marriage and Marac

• Many MARAC’s have difficulty engaging small Black Minority Ethnic services • Has been 2 models of risk assessment finally we are working at integrated guidance on managing HBV risk into Marac information and action planning • 24 questions

Cost outcome

23 billion Direct costs 6 billion Each case 10k and up Make 40% of 8,000 cases safe Make 40% of 16,000 cases safe Huge savings to be made

Contact details.

[email protected]