Transcript Early Modern Art

Practice Test
World History AP #10
The existence of “Africanity,” or widely
shared customs across many parts of Africa
by 1450, is probably best explained by
(A)The lack of geographic obstacles to travel
across the continent
(B)Powerful centralized kingdoms in early
African history
(C)The Bantu migrations
(D)Early trade contacts across the Sahara
Desert
(E)Strong native religions
(C) The Bantu migrations
Ibn Battuta’s detailed 14th-century written
account is an important source of information
about
(A) China
during the rule of Kubilai Khan
(B) Life in Islamic lands
(C) The lives of ordinary peasants in central
Asia and the Middle East
(D) Demographic changes in Eurasia as the
result of the spread of disease
(E) Technological innovations that spread from
east Asia to Europe along the Silk Road
(B)Life in Islamic lands
Which of the following characterized political
systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and southeast
Asia during the late 19th century?
(A)They were almost all ruled by hereditary
monarchs.
(B)Most had established democracies.
(C)Most were authoritarian, but had legislatures that
shared some powers with the chief executive.
(D)Most were under colonial rule.
(E) They were characterized by weak central
governments that tried to exert power over
fragmented groups.
(D)Most were under colonial rule.
One characteristic that the American
Declaration of Independence and the French
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
had in common was that both
(A)Emphasized liberty more than equality
(B)Denounced nationalism
(C)Affirmed the natural rights of citizens
(D)Affirmed the rights of hereditary monarchs
(E)Endorsed equal rights for women
(C) Affirmed the natural rights of citizens
The map shows Europe
during the time of
(A) The
Crusades
(B) The Protestant Reformation
(C) The Napoleonic Wars
(D) World War I
(E) World War II
(C) The Napoleonic Wars
The 19th-century independence movement in Brazil
was different from independence movements in
Mexico and Gran Colombia because
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Brazilian elites were more afraid of slave revolts
than were the elites in Mexico and Gran Colombia
Few elites in Brazil were influenced by
Enlightenment ideas
Brazil did not have a well-developed class of
elites
The movement was ultimately unsuccessful in
Brazil
Brazilians did not have a written constitution;
Gran Colombia and Mexico did
(A) Brazilian elites were more afraid of slave
revolts than were the elites in Mexico and
Gran Colombia
Which of the following was NOT an innovation
associated with the Industrial Revolution in
the 19th century?
(A)Mass production
(B)The cotton gin
(C)Movable type
(D)The spinning jenny
(E)The steam engine
(C)Movable type
A 19th-century movement in arts and literature
that was a reaction to the Enlightenment’s
emphasis on rational thought was called
(A)Secularism
(B)Isolationism
(C)Socialism
(D)Romanticism
(E)Marxism
(D)Romanticism
“The cult of domesticity” is a 19th-century
phrase that describes the
(A)Insulated world of middle-class women in
industrialized societies
(B)Home life of European peasants
(C)Urban working class in industrialized
societies
(D)Traditional values of women in east Asia
(E)System of producing goods by hand at
home
(A) Insulated world of middle-class women in
industrialized societies
Which broad ideology in 19th-century Europe
was reinforced by the action of the Congress
of Vienna in 1815?
(A)Liberalism
(B)Marxism
(C)Nationalism
(D)Regionalism
(E)Conservatism
(E) Conservatism
“The Young Turks” were motivated to form
and take action by their belief in
(A)A religious state in Turkey
(B)Turkish nationalism
(C)The need to restore the power of the
Ottoman sultan
(D)Turkey’s need to join the European Union
(E)Non-violent resistance to European
domination
(B) Turkish nationalism
After World War II the hegemony of western
Europe was broken and replaced by
(A)Hegemony of supranational organizations
(B)Hegemony of Japan and China
(C)Competition between Russia and countries
of the Middle East for control
(D)Competition between the United States and
the Soviet Union
(E)Cooperative hegemony of the United States
and Great Britain
(D) Competition between the United States
and the Soviet Union
One important impact of World War II on the
African continent was
(A)Colonization by European powers
(B)A Substantial reduction in overall
population
(C)The establishment of many new
communist countries
(D)Decolonization
(E)The strengthening of national militaries
(D) Decolonization
The policies of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
emphasized
(A)The spread of international communism
(B)Collectivization of agriculture and
industrialization
(C)More equal opportunities for peasants and
city workers
(D)The purification of Marxist doctrines
(E)Westernization and cooperation with
international organizations
(B)Collectivization of agriculture and
industrialization
Which of the following 20th-century ideologies
was directly supportive of equality between
men and women?
(A)Communism
(B)Fascism
(C)Self-determination
(D)Protectionism
(E)Appeasement
(A) Communism
Post-modernist values contrast with
modernist values in that post-modernist
values emphasize
(A)Materialism
(B)Rationalism
(C)Freedom
(D)Technology
(E)Quality of life
(E)Quality of life
Which of the following explanations for the
lack of development in a modern country is
most likely based on dependency theory?
(A)The political and economic leaders are
corrupt.
(B)Traditional values hamper development.
(C)The country has not enlisted the aid of a
more developed country.
(D)The country has been blocked by the greed
of more developed countries.
(E)The county has few natural resources, and
those that it has are poorly used.
(D) The country has been blocked by the
greed of more developed countries.
Which of the following did NOT live during the
19th century?
(A)Peter the Great
(B)Napoleon Bonaparte
(C)James Watt
(D)Charles Darwin
(E)Cixi
(A)Peter the Great
The map shows
which of the
following empires at
its greatest extent?
(A)Ancient Rome
(B)Ancient Greece
(C)Assyrian Empire
(D)Byzantine Empire
(E)Persian Empire
(E) Persian Empire
The concept of private property first came
about as a result of
(A)Neolithic Revolution
(B)Development of the first cities
(C)Organization of the earliest civilizations
(D)Feudalistic ties in medieval Europe
(E)Development of capitalism
(A)Neolithic Revolution
The philosophies of the Ancient Greeks, such
as Aristotle and Plato, were based most
directly on their
(A)Belief in polytheistic religion
(B)Fear of dangers in the natural world
(C)Emphasis on secularism
(D)Support of military power
(E)Reliance on feelings and emotions
(C) Emphasis on secularism
In Ancient China, the mandate of heaven
belonged to the
(A)Scholar-gentry
(B)Ruling emperor
(C)Ancestors
(D)People
(E)Emperor’s mother
(B) Ruling emperor
The Hellenistic synthesis was created most
directly by
(A)Cyrus the Great
(B)Pericles
(C)Julius Caesar
(D)Alexander the Great
(E)Ashoka
(D) Alexander the Great
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of
the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?
(A)Agriculture was a more important component of
the economy during the Empire.
(B)The Senate had more real governing power
during the Republic.
(C)Military success was more important during the
Empire.
(D)Peasants come into conflict with wealthy
aristocrats over land ownership during the time
of the Republic, but not during the Empire period.
(E) The succession to leadership was determined by
heredity under the Empire but not during the time
of the Republic.
(B)The Senate had more real governing power
during the Republic.
In the period between 600 and 1450 C.E., the
interregional impact of nomadic movements
(A)Was not as great as it had been during the
Classical Era
(B)Was significant, but not as great as in later eras
(C)Was more important in the Western Hemisphere,
but not in the Eastern Hemisphere
(D)Reached its greatest extent in world history
(E) Was minimal, as it generally had been throughout
world history
(D) Reached its greatest extent in world
history
The lateen sail was an important technology
for travelling across the Indian Ocean
because
(A)Its square shape meant that it picked up more
ocean breezes
(B)It was more durable than most other sails
(C)It worked best when combined with tiers of oars
(D)It was especially suited for short distance travel
(E) Its shape made maneuvering the monsoon winds
possible
(E) Its shape made maneuvering the monsoon
winds possible
The table supports the
fact that the vast majority
of slaves were traded to
areas where the economy
was dominated by
(A)Gold and silver mines
(B)Tobacco
(C)Corn and beans
(D)Cotton
(E)Sugar
(E) Sugar
Although the political organization of early
medieval Europe was decentralized and
fragmented, the most important “glue” that
provided structure and order was
(A)The code of honor among nobles and
knights
(B)The extensive trade system
(C)Parliamentary organization
(D)The Roman Catholic Church
(E)A common language and culture
(D)The Roman Catholic Church
Despite the differences between them, which
of the following did the Byzantine Empire and
the early Islamic caliphates have in common?
(A)All were Islamic.
(B)None had strong centralized governments.
(C)None relied on a strong military to keep
their empires strong.
(D)All had only limited literary and artistic
accomplishments.
(E)In all, both political and religious power
was concentrated in the ruler’s hands.
(E)In all, both political and religious power
was concentrated in the ruler’s hands.
The Inca and Aztec societies were different in
that
(A)The Inca had a large army; the Aztecs did not
(B)The Aztecs had a written language; the Inca did
not
(C)The Inca diet was based on corn and beans; the
Aztec diet was based on potatoes and tomatoes
(D)The Aztecs built sophisticated public buildings;
the Inca did not
(E) The Aztecs used animals as beasts of burden; the
Inca did not
(B) The Aztecs had a written language; the
Inca did not
Neo-Confucianism was created during the
Song Era in China to ease the growing
tension between Confucianism and
(A)Daoism
(B)Shintoism
(C)Buddhism
(D)Hinduism
(E)Legalism
(C)Buddhism
For its subject matter, The Tale of Genji, the
first novel to be written in Japanese, focused
on
(A)The lives of the nobility in the emperor’s
court
(B)Ordinary Japanese peasants
(C)The adventures of the shogun and samurai
(D)Japanese encounters with westerners
(E)Life inside a Buddhist monastery
(A)The lives of the nobility in the emperor’s
court
Which of the following is an accurate
statement regarding the long-term influence
of the Byzantine Empire after it fell?
(A)Its religion and many customs influenced the
development of Russia.
(B)Constantinople remained as a primarily Christian
city.
(C)Its territories remained united for many centuries.
(D)It set the example for later civilizations of
separation of church and state.
(E) It provided a long-lasting common language for
all eastern Europeans.
(A)Its religion and many customs influenced
the development of Russia.
The structure pictured in
the photograph was built
by the people of
(A)Ancient Egypt
(B)Teotihuacán
(C)The Inca Empire
(D)Han China
(E)The Mauryan Empire
(B)Teotihuacán
One difference in the relationships between
European settlers and Amerindians in Latin America
and North America was that in Latin America
(A)Amerindians were usually pushed out of places
Europeans wanted for settlement
(B)Social classes were generally less hierarchical
(C)Few efforts were made to convert natives to
Christianity
(D)Europeans were more likely to settle in rural
areas
(E) Many more Amerindians were forced into labor
by Europeans
(E)Many more Amerindians were forced into
labor by Europeans
The hold that the Roman Catholic Church had
on European society was significantly
weakened during the 16th century by
(A)The Mongol invasions
(B)The Protestant Reformation
(C)Islamic invasions of Spain and France
(D)The Italian Renaissance
(E)A loss of church lands due to financial
mismanagement
(B)The Protestant Reformation
During what period in world history did seabased powers rise in influence in contrast to
most land-based powers, which either lost
influence or stayed the same?
(A)The Classical Era (1000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.)
(B)600 – 1450 C.E.
(C)1450 – 1750 C.E.
(D)1750 – 1914 C.E.
(E) 1914 C.E. – Present
(C)1450 – 1750 C.E.
Which of the following people was most likely
to serve as a viceroy in the Spanish colonies
in the Americas?
(A)A mestizo
(B)A creole
(C)A peninsulare
(D)A mulatto
(E)An Amerindian
(C) A peninsulare
The Mercator
projection map
was tailored to
aid
(A)Explorers as they circumnavigated the globe by
going south from Europe
(B)Traders on the Indian Ocean trade circuits
(C)Overland travelers on the Silk Road
(D)European traders on the Atlantic Ocean
(E) Inland explorers of North and South America
(D)European traders on the Atlantic Ocean
One disadvantage
of the Mercator
projection is that
it distorts the
(A)Size of land masses, particularly those far away
from the equator
(B)Shapes of land masses
(C)Distance between two different points on the
globe
(D)Size of the oceans, particularly the areas close to
the equator
(E) Shapes of oceans
(A) Size of land masses, particularly those far
away from the equator
One purpose of Zheng He’s voyages in the
early 15th century was to
(A)Find a trading route to the Western Hemisphere
(B)Reassert China’s power after the demise of the
Yuan Dynasty
(C)Conquer lands around the Indian Ocean basin
(D)Find and sink the Portuguese ships that were
stealing Chinese trade
(E) Find new converts to Confucianism
(B) Reassert China’s power after the demise
of the Yuan Dynasty
One reason that personalist leaders have had more
political influence in Latin America than in North
America is that
(A)Latin American leaders generally have been more
charismatic than North American leaders
(B)Latin American leaders are not directly elected by
the people; North American leaders are
(C)Latin American leaders were more likely to come
from ordinary backgrounds than North American
leaders
(D)Latin American leaders were more likely to be
both political AND religious leaders
(E) Latin America was slower to develop stable
political institutions than North America
(E)Latin America was slower to develop stable
political institutions than North America
Ever since Canada became a self-governing political
system, an important problem for establishing and
maintaining Canadian identity has been
(A)The significant French minority living primarily in
Quebec
(B)The inability of the British government to stay out
of Canadian affairs
(C)Lack of transportation systems to tie people on
the East Coast to those on the West Coast
(D)A centralized government that gives little
authority to the provinces
(E) Its open immigration policy that allows almost
anyone to settle in Canada
(A)The significant French minority living
primarily in Quebec
Which of the following was a common goal of
both Peter the Great and Catherine the Great
for Russia?
(A)Freeing the serfs
(B)Expanding the country’s borders
(C)Preserving Slavic customs above all others
(D)Breaking the power of Russian army and
naval leaders
(E)Recognizing the rights of ethnic minorities
to self-rule
(B) Expanding the country’s borders
“…this poison has spread far and wide in all the provinces. You, I hope,
will certainly agree that people who pursue material gains to the great
detriment of the welfare of others can be neither tolerated by Heaven nor
endured by men…
Heaven is furious with anger, and all the gods are moaning with pain!”
The “poison” that Lin Zexu refers to in his 1838 letter to Queen Victoria
excerpted above was
(A)The plague
(B)Toxic gases
(C)Opium
(D)Food from the Americas
(E) Lead
(C) Opium
“The cult of the emperor” was a campaign to
glorify the Japanese emperor by the
(A)Fujiwara family during the Heian Era
(B)Shogun during the Tokugawa Shogunate
(C)Oligarchs during the Meiji Restoration
(D)Military leaders during World War I
(E)Military leaders during World War II
(C)Oligarchs during the Meiji Restoration
The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 may
be most directly linked to the 20th-century
process of
(A)The politicization of religion
(B)Globalization
(C)Post-modernism
(D)Fragmentation
(E)Integration
(D)Fragmentation
This map shows
Europe while
countries were
fighting
(A)The Napoleonic War
(B)The Crimean War
(C)World War I
(D)World War II
(E) The Cold War
(C)World War I
The nature of the warfare fought in the area
called the “Western Front” is best described
as
(A)Trench warfare
(B)Blitzkrieg
(C)A combination of infantry and horse
brigades
(D)A combination of submarine and tank
warfare
(E)Scorched earth warfare
(A)Trench warfare
Which of the following regional organizations
had most successfully come to control the
money supply of its member states?
(A)European Union (EU)
(B)North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
(C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(D)Organization of American States (OAS)
(E)Organization for African Unity (OAU)
(A) European Union (EU)
Which of the following is the BEST explanation for
why Germany remained divided into two countries
from 1945 till 1989?
(A) Germans could not agree on the type of democracy they
would form.
(B) The cost of rehabilitating Germany after World War II was
so great that it made sense to split the responsibility
between the two superpowers.
(C) Disagreements erupted between the U.S. and the Soviet
Union over Germany’s new capital city.
(D) France insisted that West Germany should fall under its
control since Germany had occupied France during World
War II.
(E) Cold War politics settled in, with West Germany
establishing a democratic government, and East Germany
establishing a communist government.
(E) Cold War politics settled in, with West
Germany establishing a democratic
government, and East Germany
establishing a communist government.
Passive resistance is a method employed in a
20th-century independence movement by
(A)Ho Chi Minh
(B)Mohandas Gandhi
(C)Gamel Abdel Nasser
(D)Fidel Castro
(E)Salvador Allende
(B)Mohandas Gandhi
“All the great civilizations of the past died out because
contamination of their blood caused them to become
decadent…In other words, in order to protect a certain
culture, the type of human who created the culture must be
preserved. But such preservation is tied to the inalterable
law of necessity and the right of victory of the best and the
strongest…”
The excerpt above was written by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Winston Churchill
Mustafa Kemal
V.I. Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Adolf Hitler
(E)Adolf Hitler
“All the great civilizations of the past died out because
contamination of their blood caused them to become
decadent…In other words, in order to protect a certain
culture, the type of human who created the culture must be
preserved. But such preservation is tied to the inalterable
law of necessity and the right of victory of the best and the
strongest…”
The philosophy expressed in the excerpt was used to justify
the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Purge of kulaks
Russian Revolution of 1917
Independence movements of the 1950s and 1960s
Holocaust
Use of the atomic bomb in 1945
(D) Holocaust
The Brezhnev Doctrine was
(A) The USSR’s official protest against U.S.
conduct in Vietnam
(B) The USSR’s denunciation of Maoist China,
as the Sino-Soviet split worsened
(C) The USSR’s condemnation of NATO’s
nuclear-arms buildup
(D) The USSR’s formal outlawing of all
dissident activity within its borders
(E) The USSR’s ideological justification of its
military intervention in Czechoslovakia
(E)The USSR’s ideological justification of its
military intervention in Czechoslovakia
What was Jawaharlal Nehru’s overall policy
direction for India?
(A) To put Gandhi’s dream of a spiritually
pure, nontechnological India into action
(B) To cement a firm military alliance between
India and the United States
(C) To modernize, secularize, and democratize
India
(D) To gain more territory for India at the
expense of China
(E) To create a theocratic regime governed by
Hindu principles
(C)To modernize, secularize, and democratize
India
What Marxist regime devastated Cambodia,
killing well over a million people?
(A) The Khmer Blanc
(B) The Sihanouk Serpents
(C) The Angkor Brigade
(D) The Khmer Rouge
(E) The Viet Cong
(D)The Khmer Rouge
In which Middle Eastern nation did a Shiite
theocracy succeed a secular, modernizing
monarchy?
(A) Iraq
(B) Jordan
(C) Syria
(D) Saudi Arabia
(E) Iran
(E)Iran
Why did apartheid in South Africa end during
the 1990s?
(A) White leaders began to realize how unjust the
policy really was.
(B) The African National Congress called for its
dismantling.
(C) It never succeeded in segregating Africans from
whites.
(D) It had succeeded in its goals by them.
(E) White leaders decided that the policy was hurting
the country’s economy and international reputation
(E)White leaders decided that the policy was
hurting the country’s economy and
international reputation
In which of the following sequences are
Soviet leaders placed in the correct
chronological order, according to the years
they ruled?
(A) Stalin, Lenin, Brezhnev, Khrushchev
(B) Khrushchev, Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev
(C) Brezhnev, Stalin, Khrushchev, Lenin
(D) Lenin, Khrushchev, Stalin, Brezhnev
(E) Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev
(E)Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev
Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran was similar to
Mustafa Kemal of Turkey in that he
(A) Was a democratic ruler
(B) Proclaimed himself sultan
(C) Secularized his country
(D) Turned his country into a theocracy
(E) Introduced a bill of rights
(C)Secularized his country
In sixteenth-century India, the Delhi sultanate
gave way to which government?
(A) The Gupta Empire
(B) The Srivijayan Kingdom
(C) French rule
(D) The Mughal Empire
(E) British rule
(D)The Mughal Empire
The violent suppression of demonstrators by
British troops at which city almost plunged
India into full-scale civil war?
(A) Lucknow
(B) Amritsar
(C) Meerut
(D) Calcutta
(E) Mysore
(B)Amritsar
Enlightenment thought is best characterized
by which of the following?
(A) A complete rejection of religious faith
(B) A conviction that logic and reason were
capable of solving social and political
problems
(C) Active advocacy of the rights of women to
vote
(D) Support of the established political order
(E) A deep faith in religious principles
(B)A conviction that logic and reason were
capable of solving social and political
problems
Which of the following characterized the
politics of the Tokugawa shogunate?
(A) Rigid social stratification backed by a
dictatorial government
(B) A gradual opening of Japanese economic
and intellectual life to the outside world
(C) Ruthless extermination of political
enemies and racial minorities
(D) A high degree of social mobility
(E) A move toward limited forms of
participatory democracy
(A) Rigid social stratification backed by a
dictatorial government
Timbuktu was renowned for its
(A) Gold and its role in opposing the slave
trade
(B) Salt reserves and Islamic scholarship
(C) Large harbor
(D) Glass and ceramic architecture
(E) Many Gothic churches
(B)Salt reserves and Islamic scholarship
The first united Korean nation, 500s C.E., was
(A) Koryo
(B) Yi
(C) Nara
(D) Silla
(E) Jomon
(D)Silla
The Grand Canal joins which two major rivers
in China?
(A) The Yellow and the Yangtze
(B) The Yellow and the Ganges
(C) The Indus and the Mekong
(D) The Yangtze and the Volga
(E) The Tigris and the Nile
(A)The Yellow and the Yangtze
Which of the following places in Africa
remained Christian despite the spread of
Islam on the continent?
(A) Marrakesh
(B) Swahili city-states
(C) Mali
(D) Ethiopia
(E) Tunisia
(D)Ethiopia
How did women in small communities of subSaharan Africa tend to be treated?
(A) They were seen as political equals.
(B) They were valued as fieldworkers and for
educating children.
(C) They were treated as goddesses.
(D) More women served as chiefs than men.
(E) Women tended the cattle and so had a lot
of power.
(B)They were valued as fieldworkers and for
educating children.